Australian Frontier Conflicts – Timeline – Australian Frontier Conflicts

Some Known Conflicts in Australian Colonies, States and Territories

1770–1940s

H. Calvert, ‘A Deadly Encounter’, 1870s. Mitchell Library, State Library of New South Wales. (Picture digitally coloured.

Click here for a more detailed introduction to Australian colonial frontier conflicts.

Colonial Frontier Conflicts–Timeline
The Timeline below lists some known dates on which, and locations where, conflicts–from individual injuries and killings to large massacres and wars– occurred between colonists and First Peoples. The Timeline begins before the arrival of the First Fleet in 1788 because there were earlier encounters between European explorers and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples that led to violence, even death. More dates and locations of conflicts will be added as information comes to hand and time permits. Also as time permits, tables including more details about each conflict, where known, will be added to the website. (A massive task under way).

TG Moyle, The Wills Tragedy, 1861. The arrival of the Neighbouring Squatters & Men collecting and burying the Dead &c. After the Attack by the Blacks on H.S. Wills Esq’s Station Leichhardt District. Queensland, October 19th 1861, painting, watercolour, 47 x 74 cm. In the collection of the State Library of Queensland. This painting depicts the aftermath of the 1861 Cullinguringa (Cullin-La-Ringo) massacre near Springsure, Queensland in which Aboriginal people killed 19 colonists–the deadliest recorded attack against Europeans in the colonial frontier period.

The main sources for this list are included under Resources in the main menu, in individual State and Territory lists (Australian Capital Territory, New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia), in the Bibliography, Books, and in Journal Articles. There is also more information about conflicts on the Australian frontier on the Databases, Films, Podcasts and Videos pages under Resources on the main menu. Memorials to those who gave their lives in some of the frontier conflicts are listed on the Memorials and Monuments page. Many thanks also to readers who contact the author with details of conflicts not yet included on this website. This is invaluable information. If you would like to contact Australian Frontier Conflicts, fill out the form on the Contact page. The contact form is also at the bottom of many pages.

WARNING: Some of the names of places included in the following list, derived from geographic names registers, from historical and modern-day maps and other primary and secondary sources, are offensive and may be upsetting to some readers. These placenames reflect the attitudes, racism and activities of the people who gave these places English or other European names during the frontier period.

Australia

1770	29 April	Botany Bay, Sydney, NSW Captain James Cook fires a musket twice, wounds an Aboriginal man, as First Nations people defend themselves by throwing a stone at Cook’s party. The injured man defends himself with a shield. As Cook and party land, they are met with spears.
1788	22 February	Woolloomooloo Bay, Sydney, NSW, British marines, at the order the order of Midshipman Francis Hill, fire with birdshot on Eora people, who are taking tools.
1788	10 March	Sydney Cove, NSW, Eora wound convicts in the bush near the settlement.
1788	May	Bloody Point, (today the site of the UTS Rowers Club, Haberfield), Sydney, NSW, convicts Samuel Davis and William Okey killed in reprisal for taking Eora canoes and the transgression of Aboriginal law on Wangal land at Bloody Point. For many years the site where Davis and Okey were killed was believed to be Rushcutters Bay. More recently historians have suggested the site was at Darling Harbour or White Bay. However, a 1788 chart of Sydney Harbour drawn by William Bradley, backed up by information from diaries of the time, is now believed to be the location of their deaths, according to the author of The Sydney Wars, historian Dr Stephen Gapps. Read more in Tim Barlass's story, ‘Frontier wars: Lieutenant's log maps Haberfield as ground zero’, The Sydney Morning Herald, 11 March 2019: https://www.smh.com.au/national/frontier-wars-lieutenant-s-log-maps-haberfield-as-ground-zero-20190305-p511ss.html
1788	22 May	Woolloomooloo Bay, Sydney, NSW, convict Peter Burn speared and killed by the Eora, most likely at Woolloomooloo.
1788	23 May	Blackwattle Bay, Sydney, NSW, convicts attack Eora killing an Aboriginal person.
1788	July	Sydney, NSW, convict speared in the head.
1788	2 October	Botany Bay, NSW, Cupper Handley murdered and mutilated because of competition between colonists and Aborigines for food and other resources.
1788	December	Sydney, NSW, Arabanoo (Manly) captured.
1789		Toongabbie, Sydney, NSW, two Aboriginal adults killed. Their child, later called James Bath, taken in and brought up by colonists.
1789	April	Sydney Cove and vicinity, NSW, about half the Aboriginal population (possibly more than 1,000 people) die from smallpox, possibly deliberately spread by the British military through gifts to Aboriginal people of blankets and handkerchiefs. The same tactic was used against North American Indians. The smallpox epidemic spreads rapidly to other parts of the colony as Aboriginal people had no immunity to the disease. No colonists die in the outbreak.
1789	26 September	Middle Head, Sydney, NSW, Henry Hacking, quartermaster, HMS Sirius kills or wounds two of about 50 Aboriginal men who have attacked him.
1789	25 November	Sydney, NSW, Bennelong and Colbee captured.
c. 1790		Sydney, NSW, John McIntyre suspected of killing at least one Aboriginal man.
1790		New South Wales, Hawkesbury and Nepean Warsbegin
1790		New South Wales, punitive expedition against Pemulwuy, Tedbury and others begins.
1790	7 September	Manly, Sydney, NSW, Wileemarin, and Eora man, spears Governor Arthur Phillip in the shoulder. Phillip survives.
1790	10 December	Sydney, NSW,, John McIntyre, Governor Phillip’s gamekeeper, speared.
1790	28 December	Sydney, NSW British marines track and kill Bangai, an Eora man, after he takes potatoes from a local garden.
1790–1800		Sydney Cove War, 26 colonists and an unknown number of Aboriginal people die because of cultural clashes and the encroachment of the British on Aboriginal land and resources.
1790–1802		Sydney Cove and vicinity, NSW, conflicts occur between colonists and Aboriginal people at locations such as Port Jackson, Prospect, Toongabbie, Georges River, Parramatta, Brickfield Hill, Hawkesbury River, Rosehill and Manly.
1791	20 January	Sydney, NSW, McIntyre dies of spear wound.
1792		Hawkesbury River, north of Sydney, NSW, colonists kill two Dharug men in reprisal for murder of Sarah Hodgkinson's husband.
1792	September	Torres Strait, QLD, ships under command of Captain William Bligh fire on 'native' canoes.
1792–1902		Propsect, Toongabbie, Georges River, Parramatta, Brickfield Hill, Hawkesbury River, NSW: misconduct of local colonists and kidnapping of Aboriginal children, unknown if any Aboriginal people or colonists die.
1794		Hawkesbury River, north of Sydney, NSW, an Aboriginal boy dragged over hot coals, thrown in the river, then shot.
1794–96		Deerubbun (Hawkesbury) Region near Sydney, NSW conflicts between colonists and Aboriginal people
1795		Richmond, near Sydney, NSW, Battle of Richmond Hill, Dharug people attack colonists whose cultivation has destroyed wild yams, a major Aboriginal food source, growing on the banks of the Deerubbun (Hawkesbury) River. Aboriginal retaliation is so great that Acting Governor Paterson believes the Hawkesbury River settlement may have to be abandoned.
1795	7 June	Parramatta or Deerubbun (Hawkesbury) River, NSW, Lt Governor William Paterson sends troops against Aboriginal people with instructions to kill as many as possible. Unknown number killed, 10 prisoners taken.
1796	26 February	Northern boundary of Parramatta, NSW, Pemulwuy attacks farms. Bushrangers seen among his warriors.
1797		Moruya, south coast, NSW, Yuin people kill 13 survivors of Sydney Cove wreck.
1797		Port Jackson; Georges River; Toongabbie, NSW,Governor King orders reprisal against Aboriginal attacks at these locations.
1797	January	'Redcoat farm' (now Oatlands Gold Course), near Parramatta, NSW, Aboriginal raid on ‘redcoat farm’, possibly in retaliation for punitive expeditions by redcoats in 1796. A redcoat soldier and a woman are murdered.
1797	March	Toongabbie; Parramatta, NSW, conflict involving Pemulwuy, Aboriginal clan members, armed soldiers, and colonists. Up to 50 Aboriginal people killed; one soldier speared.
1797	21 March	'Redcoat farm' (now Oatlands Gold Course), near Parramatta, NSW, Aboriginal raid on ‘redcoat farm’. Redcoats and colonists pursue Aboriginal people into North Rocks bushland.
1797	22 March	Bushland north of Parramatta, NSW, Pemulwuy pursues redcoat soldiers and colonists. Battle of Parramatta ensues. Pemulwuy wounded. (See 1799 Rosehill below).
1799		Newcastle, NSW, unknown number of Aboriginal men shot after asking for axes in exchange for use of their land.
1799		Rose Hill, near Parramatta, NSW, troops sent out after the Aboriginal leader, Pemulwuy; five Aboriginal men killed; Pemulwuy injured in the head, taken to hospital but later escapes. (Some accounts, such as Lim in The Battle of Parramatta, suggest this incident happened in late March or April 1797, not 1799).
1799	16 July	Point Skirmish (South Point), Boorabee (Bribie) Island, QLD, Captain Matthew Flinders sails with Bongaree and crew on the Norfolk from Glass House Bay to Boorabee (Bribie) Island. After landing from a smaller craft, they encounter Aboriginal people, one of whom tries to remove Flinders' hat. The Aboriginal man throws a spear near the boat. Flinders fires his musket and wounds the Aboriginal man. Flinders names the spot Point Skirmish (now known as South Point).
1799–1805		Hawkesbury–Parramatta, near Sydney, NSW, Black Wars
1800s		Grafton, NSW, two Aboriginal men shot near showground.
1801		Georges River, south of Sydney, NSW, Pemulwuy spears a colonist.
1802	2 June	Parramatta, NSW, Pemulwuy shot, decapitated, head sent to Sir Joseph Banks in England.
1802–1836		Kangaroo Island, SA, whalers, sealers, runaway convicts, ships' deserters, farmers and other colonists visit or take over land on Kangaroo Island. Many of the men abduct Aboriginal women by force from the mainland and Tasmania. Lawlessness prevails. Emus wiped out on the island. Kangaroos and seals hunted to near extinction.
1803		Blue Mud Bay, Arnhem Land, NT, Explorer, Matthew Flinders lands twice in Arnhem Land. The first landing is without incident. During the second landing, one Yolngu person is killed.
1803		Port Phillip district, VIC
1803	October	Corio Bay, near Melbourne, VIC
1803–1830		Tasmania, Black Wars
1804		Newcastle, NSW, more conflict between colonists and Aboriginal people
1804	3 May	Risdon Cove, TAS Large number (30 or more) of Big River people killed and wounded in River Derwent, north of Hobart, in encounters with colonists (including convicts) and the military. Soldiers and colonists use rifles, pistols, muskets and a carronade loaded with grapeshot against the Aboriginal people, armed only with spears, who were apparently hunting kangaroos.
1804	22 July	Jervis Bay, NSW, sailors from the Conquest kill Aboriginal people.
1805	September	Mangrove Flat (Gentleman's Halt) opposite Spencer, NSW, two Aboriginal men, Branch Jack and Woglomigh, killed.
1805	27 October	Jervis Bay, NSW, report of Europeans speared by Aboriginal people at Jervis Bay. Possible reprisal for massacre by sailors from the Conquest the previous July.
1805	5 December	Jervis Bay, NSW, Aboriginal people attack survivors of Fly shipwreck. Thomas Evans killed, Rushworth, master of the Fly, speared.
1806	15 March	Twofold Bay, NSW, sealers from the shipwrecked whaler, George, massacre Aboriginal people.
1806	6 April	Twofold Bay, NSW, report that sealers, crew of George, have shot and killed nine Aboriginal people, hung bodies from trees.
1808	15 May	Batemans, Bay, NSW, three of five crew of the Fly reported murdered by Aboriginal people at Batemans Bay.
1808	October	Hawkesbury area, NSW, clash between colonists and Aborigines on Singleton's farm. Leg injury to servant, one Aboriginal person killed, others wounded.
1809	26 September	Bond Farm, George's River, NSW,Tedbury and others engage in skirmish with Meredith and other farmers, Meredith's ear grazed by a spear.
1810	5 February	Parramatta, NSW, Edward Luttrell shoots Tedbury, Pemulwuy's son.
1814	May/June	Appin area, NSW, skirmishes between colonists and Aboriginal people. In reprisal for earlier atrocities, Aboriginal people murder men on William Broughton's farm near Appin. (For more information on the conflicts that happened between 1814 and 1817 see, for example, John Connor, The Australian Frontier Wars 1788–1838, UNSW Press, 2002 and Stephen Gapps, The Sydney Wars: Conflicts in the early colony 1788–1817, NewSouth, 2018).
1815		Bathurst, NSW, possible killing of an escaped convict by Aboriginal people
1816	March–May	Cumberland Plain, NSW,Aboriginal people murder one of Rev. Thomas Hassall's shepherds, Bromley.
1816	March–May	Cumberland Plain, NSW Governor Macquarie's undeclared war begins against Aboriginal people.
1816	9 April	Sydney, New South Wales, Governor Lachlan Macquarie issues secret orders to military regiments under his command to take punitive action against Aboriginal people in the Sydney area and to capture them as 'prisoners of war'–a de facto declaration of war by the British Crown, (Michael K. Organ, 2014, ‘Secret Service: Governor Macquarie's Aboriginal War of 1816’, University of Wollongong, Research Online> See the Bibliography on this website for a link to the paper.
1816	17 April	Appin Massacre, near Cataract Gorge, west of Sydney, NSW, killing of 14 Aboriginal people, capture of two women and three children, by a military detachment from the 46th Regiment's grenadier company commanded by Captain James Wallis. Examples of sources: John Connor, The Australian Frontier Wars 1788–1838, pp. 49–51). See also: New South Wales State Archives and Records, 'Massacre at Appin', 17 April 1816: https://www.records.nsw.gov.au/archives/collections-and-research/guides-and-indexes/stories/massacre-appin-17-april-1816
1816	4 May	Sydney, NSW, Governor Lachlan Macquarie's Proclamation against ‘Aborigines or Black Natives’ involved in killing of colonists, ‘plundering and destroying’ grain and property etc in the Sydney vicinity and elsewhere, published in The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser, Saturday 4 May 1816, p. 1
1819		Bathurst area, NSW, spearing of Lt William Lawson's horse.
27 October 1820		Newcastle, NSW, Runaway convict, John Kirby, seriously wounds Burragong, 'King "Jack, Chief of the Newcastle tribe"', with a knife, while Aboriginal men are trying to bring in Kirby and another convict, James Thompson to British authorities. Burragong subsequently dies from his wounds. Kirby is charged and executed for Burragong's murder. Kirby was the first European in New South Wales to be executed for the murder of an Aboriginal person.
1821–39		The Falls area, NSW, period of conflict between colonists and Aborigines
1821	February	Billyeena Station, Cudgegong River, north-east of Mudgee, NSW, George Cox leads a shooting party against Aboriginal people. Unknown number shot.
1821	6 February	Bathurst area, NSW, killing of Private James King
c. 1822		Bathurst area, NSW, Aboriginal people kill convict for rape of an Aboriginal girl.
1822		Near Bathurst, NSW, Windradyne leads Wiradjuri against colonists.
1822		New South Wales, large-scale killings of Aboriginal people
1822		"Claremont", William Lee's Farm, 10 km north-east of Bathurst, NSW, killing of a shepherd.
1822		Billyeena Station, Cudgegong River, north-east of Mudgee, NSW, Aboriginal warning attack
1822		Swallow Creek (government station), NSW, Aboriginal attack on station
1822	15 April	Illawarra area, NSW, Seth Hawker murders an Aboriginal woman. He is tried but acquitted.
1823–24		Black War of Bathurst, NSW(some individual incidents listed below).
1823	October, November	Swallow Creek, Molong, Wellington districts, NSWAboriginal people attack stations in these districts and those of Judge Advocate John Wylde, Rev. Samuel Marsden, and Palmer's “Toulon” station west of Bathurst, NSW.
1823	November	Swallow Creek (government station), NSW, Aboriginal attacks force abandonment of station.
1824	c. January	Bathurst area, NSW, Windradyne captured, imprisoned at Bathurst for a month. Colonists use arsenic-laced flour and damper to poison hungry Aboriginal people.
1824		Bungendore (Bungendaw) run, NSW, Captain Richard Brooks's stockmen abduct two Aboriginal girls, Weereewaa people assemble to avenge their kidnapping.
1824	March	Brymair, Capertee Valley, near Rylstone, NSW, Dabee massacre Two shepherds coax a young Aboriginal woman into a hut where they rape and keep her for days. She escapes back to her people. In retaliation the men go to the hut, kill the shepherds, then burn down the hut. When the shepherds’ deaths are discovered, a detachment of soldiers is sent to punish the First Nations people. The soldiers shoot many First People, particularly women and children. A few Aboriginal people survive so the story is handed down to their descendants.
1824	March	Kelso, near Bathurst, NSW, 'Potato Field Incident': Aborigines offered potatoes, return next day for more, fired upon while gathering potatoes. Several Aboriginal people shot dead, some wounded. Incident sparks retaliations led by Windradyne.
1824	19 March	Swallow Creek (government station), NSW, , after the colonial government reoccupies the station, up to 60 Aboriginal men attack it. Privates Softly and Epslom kill two Aboriginal men, capture ‘Taylor’, Columbummero and Callalbegary.
1824	May	Near Mudgee, NSW at William Lane's farm, seven colonists killed.
1824	24 May	Warren Gunyah Station, Wattle Flat near Bathurst, NSW, two stock keepers killed; one speared.
1824	24 May	Winburndale Rivulet, north of Bathurst, NSW, shepherds killed, huts destroyed, sheep killed.
1824	31 May	Near Mudgee, NSW at William Lane's farm, five colonists in punitive expedition against Aboriginal people, but claim not to have seen any. Later admit to killing three Aboriginal women in a 'skirmish' with 30 warriors bearing spears. Colonists tried for manslaughter but acquitted.
1824	31 May	Mrs Hassell's station, O'Connell Plains, NSW , Aboriginal men attack a stockman, wounding him twice with spears.
1824	May?	Murdering Hut, Millah Murrah Station, south-west of Wattle Flat, near Bathurst, NSW, Samuel Terry builds homestead on a bora ground, poisons Aboriginal people with arsenic.
1824	May?	Millah Murrah Station, NSW, Windradyne leads Aboriginal revenge attack, three colonists killed.
1824	June	North of Bathurst, NSW, colonists' retaliation; unknown number of Aboriginal women killed.
1824	Bef. July	William Lawson's Upper Station, Campbell River, NSW, four stock-keepers killed.
1824	Bef. July	North-east of Rockley, near Bathurst, NSW, two stock-keepers killed.
1824	12 August	Emu Plains, Sidmouth Valley, Two Mile Creek near Bathurst, NSW, farm labourer speared. Colonists retaliate, three Aboriginal women shot dead. Other Aboriginal people killed.
1824	14 August	Governor Brisbane proclaims Martial Law, Bathurst area, 'westward of Mount York', NSW, a week after the acquittal of Johnston, Clark, Nicholson, Castles and Crear. Martial law was declared in the Bathurst Region of New South Wales following Wiradjuri resistance against incursions on their Country as traditional food sources were being depleted and sacred sites were destroyed. What sparked Governor Thomas Brisbane’s declaration was Wiradjuri retaliation to a massacre and injury of Aboriginal women and children, known as the ‘Potato Field Incident’, in March 1824 at Kelso near Bathurst. Hungry Aboriginal people offered potatoes but shot dead or injured when they return for more the next day. Governor Brisbane’s declaration of Martial law led to rising conflict between colonial troops of the 40th Regiment, armed colonial militias and the Wiradjuri until December 1824. For more information, see for example, John Connor, The Australian Frontier Wars 1788–1838, University of New South Wales Press, 2002; ‘Windradyne and the Bathurst Wars’, Hyde Park Barracks, Sydney Living Museums: https://hydeparkbarracks.sydneylivingmuseums.com.au/story/windradyne-and-the-bathurst-wars/
1824	14 August–11 December	Martial Law in place against the Wiradjuri, Bathurst area, NSW
1824	26 August	Mill Post Station, Bathurst, NSW, hut keeper killed, hut destroyed in retaliation after station set up on sacred site and stock yards built on corroboree ground.
1824	27 August	Warren Gunyah Station, Wattle Flat, Bathurst, NSW, three shepherds killed, huts burnt.
1824	August	Millah Murrah Station, north of Bathurst, NSW, three Aboriginal women and a boy killed in retribution for killing shepherds.
1824	6 September	Mudgee, NSW, colonists kill between five and 16 Aboriginal men in retaliation for dispersing cattle.
1824	September	Bell Falls Gorge, NSW, massacre of Aboriginal people believed to have taken place during Major James Morisset's punitive expedition.
1824	September–November	Battle of Bathurst, NSW, up to 1,000 Aboriginal people believed to have perished in the Battle of Bathurst (or Wiradjuri War).
1824	November	South side of Yebri Creek, near Redcliffe settlement, QLD, Aboriginal people attack convicts with soldier guards as they are sawing a bloodwood tree. One Aboriginal man killed. Afterwards Aboriginal people around Redcliffe are so hostile that the settlement is moved to Brisbane.
1824		Billiwillinga station, Mt Rankin area on banks of the Macquarie River near Bathurst, NSW, after the Proclamation of Martial Law, group of about 30 Aboriginal people (mostly women and children) massacred when military offer them food.
1824		Capertee Valley, north of Bathurst, NSW, military party massacre unknown number of Aboriginal people.
1824		Clear Creek headwaters, about 15 km north of Bathurst, NSW, shepherd killed, large numbers of Aboriginal people rounded up and killed in retaliation.
1824		Cox's landholding near Mudgee, NSW, Aboriginal people, including the warrior Blucher, shot when driving cattle off this land.
1824		Raineville Station, south-east of O'Connell near Bathurst, NSW, three Aboriginal men murdered in retaliation for killing stock and rushing a mob of sheep.
1825		Hunter region, NSW, about five 'clashes' between colonists and Aborigines in the Hunter.
1825	28 October	Martindale, south of Denman, NSW, Robert Greig and a convict worker killed during an Aboriginal raid.
1825	October/November	Putty, NSW, soldiers pursue Aboriginal people who attacked at Putty.
1826	Bef. 6 May	Inverary Park Station, Lake George (Weereewaa), NSW, stock keeper speared to death for trying to abduct an Aboriginal man's wife.
1826	June	Edinglassie, Hunter region NSW, shepherd wounded.
1826	June	Ravensworth, Hunter region, NSW, hut keeper killed.
1826	July/August	Fal Brook Farm, near Singleton, NSW, Aboriginal people attempt to plunder farm; two colonists wounded.
1826	July–16 August	Scone, Muswellbrook, Denman and Singleton, NSW, mounted police capture Aboriginal people, execute some.
1826	August	Merton district, Hunter region, NSW, mounted police wantonly maltreat Aboriginal people, some arrested.
1826	1 August–1 September	Hunter Valley, NSW, Wonnarua people face murders and massacres. (The Plains Clan of the Wonnarua People have sought to preserve and protect a significant Aboriginal area on the Ravensworth Estate, Hunter Valley, where these atrocities took place. See Louise Nichols, Singleton Argus, 3 August 2021: https://www.singletonargus.com.au/story/7368872/frontier-wars-on-ravensworth-estate/
1826	28–29 August	Upper Hunter region, NSW, 200 Aboriginal people visit Merton in response; 11 to 15 proceed to Fal Brook via Ravensworth, burn grass at several farms. Two colonists killed, two wounded.
1826	31 August–1 September	Upper Hunter, NSW, magistrate Scott leads punitive expedition of 14 men; 18 Aboriginal people killed. More than 10 major and minor 'collisions' between colonists and Aboriginal people in the Hunter in 1826 according to magistrates.
1826	December	Bank Hill Farm, TAS
1826	March	Great Swanport, TAS
1826	April	Mount Augustus, TAS
1826	May	Sally Peak, TAS
1827		Near Cootralanta Lake, Monaro region, NSW, Aboriginal people attack Richard Brooks Jnr and party, scattering cattle later found at "Gejizric" (Gegedzerick) Flat near Berridale.
1827	June	Dairy Plains, TAS
1827	June	Laycock Plains, TAS
1827	June	Quamby Brook, TAS
1827	June	Quamby Bluff, TAS
1827	June	Blackmans River, TAS
1827	December	Sorell Valley, TAS
1827	December	Brumby Creek, TAS
1827	December	Dairy Plains, TAS
1827	11 December	Wellington, NSW, George Brown shoots Aboriginal girl, who came to the door with other children, asking for food.
1827–1828		Kangaroo Point and South Brisbane, Brisbane, QLD, despite Aboriginal people being shot dead, Aborigines repeatedly raid and destroy maize (corn) fields on which colonists rely for food, in a bid to drive the intruders out of Aboriginal country.
1828		Near Lake Bathurst, NSW, two of Edward Hall's stockmen killed, Aboriginal people suspected of killings.
1828	10 February	Cape Grim, TAS
1828	March	Miles Opening, TAS
1828	March	Bullock Hunting Ground, TAS
1828	April	Elizabeth River, TAS
1828	July	Eastern Tiers, TAS
1828	October	Jordan River, TAS
1829	January	Tooms Lake, TAS
1829	January	Break O’Day Plains, TAS
1829	January	St Pauls River, TAS
1829	February	West Tamar area, TAS
1829	March	Cataract Gorge, near Launceston, TAS
1829	June	Pittwater, TAS
1829	September	Ben Lomond, TAS
1829	October	Ouse River, TAS
1830s		Coolac near Gundagai, NSW
1830s		Ovens River near Wangaratta, VIC
1830		Logan Creek, Brisbane Valley, QLD, Aboriginal people, possibly with the help of convicts, allegedly murder Brisbane commandant Captain Logan.
1830	February	Clyde/Ouse Rivers, TAS
1830	May	Fremantle, WA
1830s–40s		Murrumbidgee River area, NSW (some locations below):
		Duck Bend, near Narrandera, NSW
		Green Swamp, near Buckinbong Homestead, near Narrandera, NSW
		Hulong (Ulong) Sandhill, near Narrandera, NSW
		Massacre (Murdering) Island, near Narrandera, NSW (see below under 1841)
		Poison(ed) Waterholes Creek, Sturt Highway, near Narrandera, NSW
1830–50		Port Phillip District Wars, VIC
1831	30 April	Murray River mouth, SA
Mid-1831		Minjerribah (Stradbroke Island), QLD
1831–32		Moorgumpin (Moreton Island), QLD
1832		Perth area, WA, Yagan and others fight colonists. For more information: Yagan: https://www.noongarculture.org.au/yagan/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yagan
1832	November	Stradbroke Island, QLD
1832	18 December	Murramarang headland, north of Bateman's Bay, NSW
1832–1833		Minjerribah (Stradbroke) and Moorgumpin (Moreton) Islands near Brisbane, QLD Conflicting European accounts and Aboriginal oral history refer to a number of conflicts between staff of the Amity Point pilot station, established on Minjerribah (North Stradbroke Island) in 1826, and Aboriginal people.
c. 1833		Clontarf Hill (Hamilton Hill Swamp),south of Fremantle, WA, massacre of Aboriginal people believed to have occurred during Acting Governor Ellis's search for Yagan.
1833		Moorgumpin (Moreton) Island, QLD Massacre of Aboriginal people at the top of a large lagoon on the southern end of Moreton Island (Moorgumpin), now eroded into the sea. The attack may have been the last in a series of reprisals between Aboriginal people and soldiers stationed on Minjerribah.
1833	11 July	Perth area, WA, Yagan killed. For more information: Yagan: https://www.noongarculture.org.au/yagan/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yagan
1833–34		Convincing Ground, between Portland and the Surrey River, VIC
1834		Acton peninsula, ACT, then in NSW. Now National Museum of Australia, Canberra site.
1834	28 October	Battle of Pinjarra, WA
1834		Fairy Bower Falls, now in Morton National Park, near Bundanoon, NSW, believed from oral history to be a site where Aboriginal people were massacred.
1835		Mt Mackenzie, near the Gloucester River, NSW
1835	25 April	Near Tabratong, NSW, Richard Cunningham, botanist with Thomas Mitchell's expedition, killed by Aboriginal people 84 kms south-east of Nyngan.
1835	11 July	Darling River, near Menindee, NSW, Major Thomas Mitchell, and party encounter ‘hostile’ Aboriginal people. Several killed and wounded.
1836		Fraser Island, QLD, Captain James Fraser, and possibly crew of the shipwrecked Stirling Castle, speared.
1836	27 May	Mt Dispersion near Euston, NSW, between Mildura, NSW and Robinvale, VIC, Major Thomas Mitchell, and party set an ambush for ‘hostile’ Aboriginal people the party believed they had encountered on the Darling River in 1835. Seven Aboriginal people killed. On 27 April 2020, in the lead up to the 184th anniversary of the massacre, the New South Wales government gazetted the Mount Dispersion Massacre Site as a Declared Aboriginal Place. News about, and details of the declaration, are on the News page of this website under “Mount Dispersion Declared an Aboriginal Place”, posted on 4 June 2020.
1836	July	Werribee River, 35 kms south-west of Melbourne, VIC
1836	July	Williamstown, 10 kms south-west of Melbourne, VIC
1836	August?	York area, WA
1836	17 October	Barwon River, Barrabool Hills, 20 kms south-east of Colac, VIC
1837		Encounter Bay, near Victor Harbour, SA
1837		Geelong area, VIC
1837		Gravesend, west of Warialda, NSW
1837		Western VIC
1837	February	Birregurra, near Colac, VIC
1837	28 March	Cowie Creek, Geelong, VIC
1837	July	Vasse, WA
1837	November	Leigh River, 60 kms west of Geelong, VIC
1837	November	East of Reedy Lake on the banks of the Goulburn River between today's Kirwan Bridge and the Goulburn Weir, VIC, overlander Fitzherbert Mundy and his men killed at least six Aboriginal people including women and children, wounding others. References: Waranga Dreaming, Vol. 1, 2019; Richard Broome, Aboriginal Victorians: A History Since 1800, 2005; Rushworth Chronicle, 1953; Robert Brough Smyth, The Aborigines of Victoria, Government Printer, 1878
1837–38	Summer	Near Golf Hill Station, Yarrowee River, north of Inverleigh, VIC
1837–1844		Port Fairy area, VIC
1838		Berpengary, QLD, (26 miles, (c. 42 kms) from Nundah), Aboriginal people attack Moravian missionary Pastor Gottfried Haussman. He is badly wounded but escapes.
1838		Central Victoria
1838		Crampton's Corner, north side of the McIntyre (Mcintyre) River (Cowbawn Coonigal), QLD
Mid-1838		Gwydir River, NSW
1838		Kilcoy Station, north-west of Moreton Bay, QLD
1838		Perth, WA
1838		Tarrone Station near Port Fairy, VIC
1838		Terry Hie Hie, NSW
1838	26 January	Slaughterhouse Creek (Waterloo Creek/Millie Creek) Massacre, south-west of Moree, NSW This famous massacre most likely happened on 26 January 1838. It was among 'clashes' that occurred between colonists (mounted police and vigilantes) and the Gamilaraay between December 1837 and January 1838. Roger Millis tells the story of how the land in this area of New South Wales was stolen from First Peoples in: Waterloo Creek: The Australia Day massacre of 1838, George Gippsland and the British conquest of New South Wales, McPhee Gribble, 1992
1838	March	On the way to Port Adelaide, SA
1838	12 March	Torrens River, Adelaide, SA, coroner finds labourer, Enoch Pegler, was speared to death by an unknown Aboriginal man or men about 8 March.
1838	March/April?	West of Bendigo, VIC
1838	4 April	Learmonth Station, 13 kms south of Ballarat, VIC
1838	10 April	Banks of the Yarra River, Hawthorn, Melbourne, (now site of Scotch College), VIC
1838	11 April	Battle of Broken River (Faithfull Massacre) near Benalla, VIC, additional killings of Aboriginal people followed at Murchison and Wangaratta.More information, for example: Battle of Broken River, Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Broken_River In 1838, following this massacre and series of reprisals, 'police huts' were built along the route from Sydney to Melbourne 'to enforce law and order': Bruce Pennay, 'Nine People and a Police Hut at Bungambrawatha,' Albury & District Historical Society Bulletin, June 2022, pp. 2–4
1838	After 11 April	Murchison, Ovens River, VIC Additional killings after Battle of Broken River
1838	June	Merino Downs Station near Henty, VIC
1838	June	North-east of Malmsbury near Kyneton, VIC
1838	June	Waterloo Plains, VIC
1838	10 June	Myall Creek Massacre, near Inverell, NSW (See Friends of Myall Creek: http://myallcreek.org/; Report of the Myall Creek Massacre, 10 June 1838, State Archives and Records of New South Wales; the Australian Frontier Conflicts website: Bibliography, NSW Map, News, Resources and Timeline. Also Dr Timothy Bottoms, The Frontier Series, ‘Myall Creek Massacre, Sunday 10 June 1838’: https://cairnshistory.com.au/content/uploads/2021/07/The-Frontier-Series-Myall-Creek-Massacre-Sunday-10-June-1838-TFS003.jpg)
Mid-1838		Gwydir River, NSW
1838	July	Confluence of Murrumbidgee and Murray Rivers, NSW
1838	July	Pyrenees Range above Trawalla, VIC
1838	July	Thomas Learmont’s station, Addington, 20 kms north-west of Ballarat, VIC
1838	Winter	Darlington Station, 16 kms north-west of Lancefield, VIC
1838	October	Merino Downs Station near Henty, VIC
1838	October	Spring Valley (Murndal), Wannon River near Merino Station, VIC
1838?	October	Murdering Flat, Clover Flat, Wannon River, near Casterton, VIC
1838	November	Spring Valley (Murndal), Wannon River near Merino Station, VIC
1838–1839		Central Victoria
1838/39?		Tamworth, NSW
1838–1841		Bathurst, NSW (Wiradjuri Wars)
c. 1839		Glenormiston Station, near Terang, VIC
1839		Lake Colac, 5 kms north of Colac, VIC
1839		Longhorne's Ferry, Victor Harbour, SA
1839		Tamworth, NSW
1839 or 1840		Between Colban and Campaspe Rivers near Bendigo, VIC
1839		Murdering Gully (Puuroyup), Mount Emu Creek, Camperdown district, VIC
1839	8 January	Brewarrena (Brewarrina) Station, NSW, hut keeper, Irish convict Dennis Denay, ambushed and killed.
1839	February	Maiden Hills, near Lexton, VIC
1839	22 February	Near Brillinball Station, Narrandera area, NSW, John Williams, Michael Byrne's convict servant, speared to death.
1839	28 February	Near Billinbah, Murrumbidgee River, NSW, Aboriginal attack on two convicts, one Aboriginal man shot.
1839	April	11 miles (c. 17.7 kms) north-east of Adelaide, SA
1839	May–June	Campaspe Plains massacre, Campaspe Creek, VIC
1839	12 June	Adelaide, SA, hanging of two Kaurna men for murder
1839	20 June	Lake Boga, 10 kms south-east of Swan Hill, VIC
1839	22 June	Mount Ida Creek, near Heathcote, VIC
1839	July	Coleraine, VIC
1839	July	Gerangamete, VIC
1839	July	Mia Mia, VIC, bodies of murdered Aboriginal people thrown into a waterhole in the creek below the local school, according to oral history.
1839	July	Mt Alexander, 30 kms south-east of Bendigo, VIC
1839	August	North Yanco Station at Cudgel Creek, near Narrandera, NSW, Aboriginal people attacked James Byrne, people chased across river.
1839	October	Morgan (Great South Bend), SA, Aboriginal people attack an overlanders party. Overseer Thomas Young killed. Overlanders kill 11 Aboriginal people in retaliation.
1839	October	Murray River, above Lake Alexandrina, SA, overlander Peter Snodgrass is attacked. Several Aboriginal people wounded. Sheep driven off.
1839	November	Darling River, NSW, overlander Alexander Buchanan's party attacked while crossing the Darling River. A number of Aboriginal people killed, many wounded. Buchanan attacks Aboriginal camp after sheep speared.
1839	November	Spring Cart Gully, two miles (c. 3.2 kms) north-east of Morgan, SA
1839 or 1840		The Blood-hole (Bloody Creek), Middle Creek, near Glengower Creek, western VIC
1839–1840		Between Coliban and Campaspe Rivers near Bendigo, VIC
1839–40		Goulburn District, VIC?
1839–42/7		Eumeralla War, Mount Napier Station, 20 kms south-east of Hamilton, VIC
1839–42		Port Lincoln, SA, Aboriginal resistance to colonists
1839–1842		Mount Rouse Station or Weerangourt Station, VIC
1840s?		Blackadder/Cassons Creek-Red Rock area, NSW
1840s?		Green Hills, bank of Red Rock River opposite Red Rock and Station Creek, NSW
1840s		Laidley, NSW
1840s		Clarence River district, NSW, as the frontier expanded, initially peaceful relations between colonists and Aboriginal people broke down.
1840s		Avon River, near York, WA, fighting between colonists and Aboriginal people continues.
1840s		Clarence River stations, NSW, in the early 1840s, Aboriginal people from the area between Dorrigo and Kangaroo Creek, launch small attacks on runs in the Clarence River district.
1840s		Kangaroo Creek (east of Nymboida), NSW, Aboriginal people continue attacks on colonists holding runs around Kangaroo Creek.
1840s		Murdering Flat near Tintaldra, VIC
1840s		Murdering Flat, Tooma River near Greg Greg, NSW
1840s		Port Fairy, VIC
1840s		Wire Fence (Minnie Water), NSW
1840s		Red Rock, NSW "Chapter 2 of Singing the Coast, Crying-songs to remember, deals specifically with the Red Rock massacre story from the 1880s from an Aboriginal perspective. Some other sources on the Red Rock massacre are: Wikipedia entry for Red Rock: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Rock,_New_South_Wales Historical Encounters: https://www.historicalencounters.org/he/red-rock/ '(Re)membering in the Contact Zone: Telling, and Listening to, a Massacre Story Margaret Somerville', University of New England and Tony Perkins, Yarrawarra Aboriginal Corporation, 2008[?] https://thealtitudejournal.files.wordpress.com/2008/07/53.pdf Red Rock, New South Wales, Fact for Kids https://kids.kiddle.co/Red_Rock,_New_South_Wales 'There were always people here': a history of Yuraygir National Park, Department of Environment and Climate Change, New South Wales, June 2009 https://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/resources/cultureheritage/09218ynphistory.pdf (Covers Red Rock or Red Cliff as part of the study.)
c. 1840		Bogan River, NSW, William Lee's run, Aboriginal people attack stockmen while building a stockyard. Three stockmen killed, buried in stockyard.
c. 1840		Hulong (Ulong) Sandhill, near Narrandera, NSW, posses of colonists battle with Aboriginal people. Many driven away, many killed.
Early 1840		Near Mt Rouse, south-western VIC
Early 1840		Mount Napier Station, 20 kms south of Hamilton, VIC
1840		Grampians, VIC
1840		Kunderang Brook, Macleay River area, NSW Apparent massacre of two to three dozen Aboriginal men in retaliation for taking some sheep. Rodney Harrison, Shared Landscapes: Archaeologies of Attachment and the Pastoral Industry in New South Wales, UNSW Press, 2004, pp. 104–105, p. 117)
1840		Long Lagoon Station, QLD
1840		Mount Cole, VIC
1840		Nundah, north Brisbane, QLD, Aboriginal people attack the German Mission more than once, notably in 1840 when 20 to 30 warriors sack the Reverend Schmidt's fields. The mission is forced to keep nightly armed watch over its crops. In retaliation, Schmidt shoots and wounds Aboriginal elders.
1840	January	Coliban River, near Sutton Grange, VIC
1840	13 January	Yering Station, Yarra Glen, VIC
1840	February	Merino Downs Station, Wannon River, near Henty, VIC
1840	February	Western Australia
1840	Bef. February	Tahara Station, Wannon River/McLeods Creek, VIC
1840	March	Merino Downs Station, Wannon River near Henty, VIC
1840	8 March	Hamilton, VIC
1840	8 March	Fighting Hills, the Hummocks, near Wando Vale, VIC
1840	10 March	Konong-Woontong Station, VIC
1840	April	Merino Downs Station, Wannon River, VIC
1840	1 April	Fighting Waterholes, near Konongwootong Reservoir, VIC
1840	31 May	Near Mt Lindesay, QLD, Aboriginal people kill surveyor Staplyton and his assistant Tuck.
1840	June	Colac, VIC
1840	June	Muston’s station, east of Mount Rouse, VIC
1840	June	Nangeela Station, Glenelg River, near Casterton, VIC
1840	9 June	Near Bowman and Yaldwyn’s run, central VIC
1840	June–September	The Grange Station, southern Grampians, 30 kms north-west of Hamilton, VIC
1840	July	Western District, VIC
1840	August	Henry Dutton’s run, near Ararat, VIC
1840	23 August	Maria Creek near the Coorong (The Coorong Massacre), SA
1840	Spring	Middle Creek, Glengower (Campbelltown), VIC
1840	October	Dr Officer’s station, near Lake Bolac, 50 kms south of Ararat, western VIC
1840	October	Boisdale and Bushy Park stations, 25 kms north of Sale, VIC
1840	October–December	Nuntin Station, Gippsland, VIC
1840	November	Murdering Flat, Wannon River, between Sandford Bridge and Glenelg River junction, VIC
1840	21 December	Pyrenees Range, VIC
1840	22 December	Boney Point, Gippsland, VIC
1840–1841		Woodlands Station, Wimmera River near Crowlands, VIC
1840–1850		Gippsland, VIC (see also individual locations below):
		Boole Boole, Gippsland, VIC
		Holland's Landing, VIC
		Lake's Entrance, VIC
		Medusa Point, VIC
		The Heart, VIC
1840s–50s		Salt Creek near Mt Muirhead, SA
1840s–60s		Northside of Brisbane, QLD, as the Brisbane area was colonised, no allowance was made officially for Aboriginal camps. Creeks acted as de facto barriers between colonised areas and locations where Aboriginal people could live unmolested. When colonists strayed into such locations they were often harassed, robbed or subjected to violence. While Europeans allowed some traditional Aboriginal camping grounds to remain, they attacked others. Some of the incidents, that occurred on the north side of Brisbane in the 1840s–1860s period, are included individually in this timeline.
1840s–60		Breakfast Creek, Brisbane, QLD, for Aboriginal people, a 'front line' against encroaching British colonisation. The area was the location of clashes between colonists and Aboriginal groups. Aboriginal warriors such as Billy Barlow, Commandant, Dalaipi, Dundalli, Harry Pring, Tinkabed and Yilbung were all visitors to the prosperous Breakfast Creek camps.
c. 1841		South-western VIC
c. 1841		Piccaninny Waterhole, Springbank, Glenelg River, south of Casterton, VIC
1841		Butchers (Boxes) Creek, Gippsland, VIC
1841		Darkie (Darkie’s) Point, New England, NSW, colonists pursue a group of about 200 Aboriginal people, shooting at and forcing many over cliffs to their deaths.
1841		Glenormiston, VIC
1841		Near Lake Lonsdale, VIC
1841		Lexington, VIC
1841		Maffra, VIC
1841		Massacre (Murdering Island), Murrumbidgee River, about 8 km south-east of Narrandera, NSW, local landholders massacre an unknown number of Aboriginal people.
1841		Mt Bainbridge, VIC
1841		New England Area, NSW
1841		Orara River, NSW
1841		Port Fairy, VIC
1841		Portland, VIC
1841		Junction Wannon and Glenelg Rivers, VIC
1841	January	Gleeson Run, Hutt River, Clare, SA
1841	January	Morphet Run, Wakefield River, 20 kms north-east of Balaklava, SA
1841	February	South Australia, two Ngarrindgeri men hanged for murders of Maria shipwreck survivors.
1841	7 February	14 Mile Creek (Far Creek/Glenmona Station), Bet Bet Creek, west of Maryborough, VIC
1841	7 February	Loddon River, VIC
1841	21, 22, 27 February 7 March	Vasse region, WA, Wonnerup massacre For more information: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wonnerup_massacre https://maryblight.com/2022/03/18/the-1841-wonnerup-massacre/
1841	March	Mount Cole, VIC
1841	April	Rufus River, NSW, overlanders Henry Inman and Henry Field attacked after crossing the Rufus River. South Australian Governor Lawler despatches a punitive police party but recalls it. A retaliatory party of colonists encounters 300 Aboriginal people, kills eight in a fight. Colonists repulsed, return to Adelaide.
1841	1 April	Central Victoria
1841	22 April	Clarence River, NSW, squatter Peter Cunningham Pagan, speared to death about a mile from his hut, after an armed pursuit of Aboriginal people. They enter the hut looking for food as it becomes scarce after the arrival of colonists in the area.
1841	April/May	Clarence River area, NSW, colonists shoot many Aboriginal people in retribution for the spearing of Pagan. Mundi, then a child, is shot through an ear. He is one of only a few Aboriginal people to survive the attack.
1841	13 May	Lake Bonney at Langhorn's Crossing, Rufus River, 22 kms west of Renmark, SA
1841	June	Near Mount Sturgeon Station, Wannon River, VIC
1841	June	Vasse region, WA, Wonnerup Massacre
1841	2 June	Konongwootong Creek, near Coleraine, VIC
1841	June–July	Burrumbeep, south of Ararat, VIC
1841	July	Burrumbeep, south of Ararat, VIC
1841	July	Hall’s outstation, Hall’s Gap, VIC
1841	July	Good Morning Bill Creek, near Mount William, VIC
1841	31 July	Brisbane, QLD, Merridoo and Neugavil wrongfully executed, on a cross-arm of the Brisbane windmill (observatory tower), for murders of Stapylton and Tuck.
1841	July–August	William Kirk’s station, Burrumbeep, VIC
1841	August	Mt Emu, VIC
1841	August	Mt William, VIC
1841	25 August	Murray River, VIC
1841	27 August	Lake Minninup, near Augusta, WA
1841	27 August	Rufus River Massacre, NSW Details, for example on Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rufus_River_massacre
1841	About 6 October	Near Harmers Haven, near Watson's Hut, about 1.5 kilometres west of Cape Paterson, VIC. Two whalers, William Cook (possibly of Sydney), and a man known as 'Yankee" (possibly an American) are shot and killed by Tasmanians believed to have included Maulbouheenner, Tunnerminnerwait (Jack of Cape Grim), Pyterrunner, Planobeena and Truganini. Historians have suggested various theories about why the killings took place: self-defence, retribution for abuse and/or the killing of Pyterruner's husband, Probelattener, or mistaken identity? Read more about this incident in the article by Sandy Guy in Traces: ‘Uncovering the Past’, Volume 2, 2018, pp. 16–19.
1841	27 October	Leighton Station, Hopkins River, VIC
1841	December	Port Fairy, VIC
1841–42		Burrumbeep, VIC
1841–1842		Barton Station, head of Mount William Creek, VIC
1841–1842		Lexington, La Rose and Mokepilly Stations, VIC
1842		Balaklava, Wakefield River district, SA
1842		Brisbane Valley, QLD
1842		Bruthen Creek, Gippsland, VIC
1842		Callandoon district, McIntyre River, QLD, two hut keepers killed during a series of Aboriginal attacks. Pastoralists and police retaliate.
1842		Dutton’s farm, Port Lincoln, SA
1842		Evans Head (Goanna Headland) Massacre, NSW, reprisal for Pelican Creek deaths (see below). See also Richmond River massacres on Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richmond_River_massacres
1842		Giggabarah Massacre, Blackall Ranges, west of Nambour and the Mary River, QLD, Fifty to 60 Giggabarah people poisoned with arsenic. Source: Dr Timothy Bottoms, ‘The Frontier Series’, Far North Queensland History, Poisoning of Indigenous People, https://cairnshistory.com.au/content/uploads/2021/07/The-Frontier-Series-Poisoning-of-Indigenous-People-%E2%80%A81842-Giggabarah-Massacre-TFS004.jpg
1842		Hindmarsh Valley c. 10 kms from Port Lincoln, SA
1842		Kilcoy Station, QLD
1842		Net nat uungo, near Donald McKenzie’s station, Crawford River, south-western VIC
1842		Nyngan Massacre, north of Nyngan, NSW
1842		Pelican Creek Tragedy, north of Coraki, NSW, five European men killed at Pelican Creek. Some details on Wikipedia under Richmond River massacres: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richmond_River_massacres
1842		Port Lincoln area, SA
1842		Skull Creek, Gippsland, VIC
1842		Streaky Bay, SA
1842		Near Tabratong, Bogan River, NSW, severe conflict between William Lee's men and Aboriginal people. During a drought, First Nations people camped at a waterhole, attack William Lee's employees after the men tried to force the people to leave. Five of Lee's men are killed, one survivor with severe wounds. Aboriginal people slaughtered in a reprisal by Lee, his men and police. Governor Gipps cancels Lee's squatting licence because of multiple attacks on, and killings of, Aboriginal people.
1842		Warndaa, Boggy Gully, near Black Swamp, west of Merrang House, south-western VIC
1842		Weereangourt or Mount Rouse Station, VIC
1842		Whiteside, Morton Bay, QLD
1842–??		Mt Remarkable, Melrose and Woolmington, near Port Augusta, SA
1842	3 January	Eumeralla Station, south-western VIC
1842	February	Tarrone Station, Moyne River, 19 kms north of Port Fairy, VIC
1842	3 February	Bungaree Station, Clare, SA
1842	10 February	Kapunda, Light River, SA
1842	24 February	Lubra Creek, Caramut Station, near Lubra Creek/ Penshurst-Caramut Road crossing, VIC
1842	24 February	Muston’s Creek, VIC
1842	24 April	Biddle’s station, Port Lincoln, SA
1842	24 April	Coffin Bay, 50 kms north-west of Port Lincoln, SA
1842	Early May	Pillaworta Station, end of Arno Bay, Eyre Peninsula, SA Unknown number of Aboriginal people killed by soldiers in retribution for the killing of colonists in the Port Lincoln district earlier in 1842.
Mid-1842		Biddle’s station, Port Lincoln, SA
1842	August	Tahara or Spring Valley Station, south-western VIC
1842	September	Mount Rouse, VIC
1842	October	Mount Shadwell Station, south-west VIC
1842	October	Tarrone Station, Moyne River, 19 kms north of Port Fairy, VIC
1842	10 December	Port Fairy, VIC
Bef 1843		Grampians, VIC
Bef 1843		Darlot, VIC
Bef 1843		Lake Colac, VIC
1842 or 1843		Spring Creek Station, 16 kms south-west of Caramut, VIC
1842–1852		Awamolands north of Bribie Island, Caloundra, or Marcoola, QLD, Some Aboriginal men possibly wounded. (Ray Kerkhove, Mapping Frontier War on the Sunshine Coast/Noosa Region, 2020, pp. 6–7)
1842–1852		Mandandanji Land War, southern QLD
1843		Fitzroy River, VIC
1843		Grampians, VIC
1843		Mudall Station, Bogan River, NSW, Aboriginal people attack stockmen while moving sheep on Balfour's holding. Two stockmen killed. Holdings abandoned after three more stockmen killed.
1843		Portland Bay area, VIC
1843		Warrigal Creek, Gippsland, VIC
1843		Western district, VIC
1843–1846		Rosewood Scrub, QLD, from this impenetrable area of bush, Multuggerah continues attacks on drays and travellers as far as the Darling Downs. Rosewood Homestead (now Glenore Grove) is repeatedly under siege. Colonists possibly construct a makeshift 'fort' on the property that they take turns in manning.
1843–1849		Castlemaddie or Ettrick pastoral runs, VIC
1843	January	Broughton River, near Port Pirie, SA
1843	7 April	Port Lincoln, SA, Nultia publicly executed on Biddle’s station.
1843	7 April	Bungaree Station, Clare, SA
1843	June	Neighbourhood of Bungaree Station, Clare, SA
1843	June	Warrigal Creek, VIC
1843	August	Koroite Station, Wannon River, VIC
1843	August	Wannon River, VIC
1843	6 August	Victoria Range, western VIC
1843	13 August	Near Mount Zero, VIC
1843	September	Headwaters, Crawford River, south-western VIC
1843	12 Sept	Lockyer Valley, QLD, Battle of Meewah (Battle of One Tree Hill) (Mount Tabletop or Table Top Mountain). Aboriginal people led by Multuggerah. See Bibliography and Books on this website and Ray Kerkhove and Frank Uhr, The Battle of One Tree Hill: The Aboriginal Resistance That Stunned Queensland, Boolarong Press, 2019
1843	October	On road between Portland and Kanawalla Station, Wannon River, south-west VIC
1843	9 November	Glenelg River near Harrow, VIC
1844		Bluff Rock, near Tenterfield, NSW, conflicting versions of the details of Bluff Rock massacre exist. It is believed 'settlers' threw Aboriginal people from the rock in a reprisal.
1844		Deepwater area, north of Glen Innes, NSW
1844		Maffra, VIC
1844	17 October	Near Bolivia Station, Deepwater area, NSW
1844–45		Port Augusta, SA (Port Augusta War)
1844	25 January	Mullagh Station, 11 kilometres north of Harrow, VIC
1844	15 April	Grampian Range, VIC
1844	May	Grampian Range, VIC
1844	15 May	100 kilometres north of the Pyrenees Range, VIC
1844	July	Adelaide, SA
1844	13–14 July	Mt Bryan, 30 kms north-north-east of Burra, SA
1844	August	Mt Gambier, SA
1844	19 October	40 kilometres north of Longerenong Station, VIC
1844	November	Near Lake Leake, SA
1845		Deepwater, north of Glen Innes, NSW, possible reprisal murders of Aboriginal people in response to widespread cattle and sheep stealing in the area. (See Rodney Harrison, Shared Landscapes: Archaeologies of Attachment and the Pastoral Industry in New South Wales, UNSW Press, 2004, p. 105)
1845		Douralie Creek, Macleay region, NSW
c. 1845		Grampians, VIC
1845		Gilbert River, far north QLD, explorer Leichhart's naturalist, Gilbert fatally speared.
1845		Hendersons Creek, Macleay area, NSW
1845		Kunderang Station, Upper Macleay, NSW Two shepherds and their wives killed. Sheep stolen. Retaliatory killings of Aboriginal people. Numbers unknown. (See Rodney Harrison, Shared Landscapes: Archaeologies of Attachment and the Pastoral Industry in New South Wales, UNSW Press, 2004, pp. 105–6)
1845		Mt Remarkable, 45 kms north of Port Pirie, SA
1845		Quorn, Gawler Ranges, SA
1845		Upper Macleay River, NSW, Aboriginal people killed under a cliff.
1845		Wivenhoe, Brisbane Valley, QLD, John Uhr killed during an Aboriginal attack.
c. 1845		Henderson's Creek, Macleay area, NSW
c. 1845		Sheep Station Bluff, Macleay area?, NSW
c. 1845		Wabra Station, Macleay area, NSW
1845	15 April	Deepwater area, NSW
1845	May	Near Rivoli Bay, 70 kms north-west of Mt Gambier, SA
1845	July	Mt Arapiles, VIC
1845	July	Victoria Plains, WA
1845	11 July	West of Horsham, VIC
1845	September/October?	Mount Lindesay, Richmond River district, QLD, Thomas Mather, resident of South Brisbane, and a man, who went by the nickname “the Bush Lawyer”, killed apparently, during an Aboriginal attack. The Sydney Morning Herald, Friday 10 October 1845, p. 3; The Moreton Bay Courier, Saturday 6 February 1847
1845	December	Western Port, VIC
Bef 1846		Streaky Bay, SA
Early 1846		Outside Anderson's Inn, Burbank (Lexton), VIC
1846		Crystal Brook, near Mt Remarkable, SA
1846		"Murdering Stumps", Tabratong Station, NSW, Aboriginal reprisal attack on William Lee's station employees at night. All but one employee killed. Dates for this incident in the Tabratong area vary from 1841, 1842, 1846, or 'before 1850'. The varying dates and sometimes differing descriptions for this conflict suggest that there was more than one incident that occurred on the Bogan in the 1840s to 1850s.
1846		Rosewood Scrub, QLD In 1846 Multuggerah brings 500 warriors to Rosewood Homestead, almost starving out the occupants. Visitors and Rosewood Homestead residents form a party, storming Multuggerah's camp, killing him and many others. Other Aboriginal leaders such as Jackey, Uncle Marney and King Billy appear to operate from Rosewood Scrub in later years.
1846		Strathalbyn, 22.99 kms (14.29 miles) from Mt Barker, SA
1846		Victoria Park Aboriginal camp, north Brisbane, QLD, Constable Peter Murphy and party burn camp and shoot Aboriginal people.
1846	February	Wimmera River, later site of the Ebenezer Aboriginal Station, VIC
1846	6 February	Mullagh Station, 11 kilometres north of Harrow, VIC
1846	April	Pyrenees Range, VIC
1846	28 June	Avoca River, near Charlton, VIC
1846	August	Aire River mouth, Cape Otway, VIC
1846	August	Sterling’s station, south-east SA
1846	20 October	North Pine, south-east QLD, Aboriginal people led by Milbong Jemmy murder Andrew McGregor and Mrs Shannon with waddies. Mr Shannon later attacked but escapes.
1846	October	Eagle Farm, Brisbane, QLD, Milbong attacks Mr Richardson, robs his house.
1846	October	Doughboy Creek, (now part of Hemmant), Brisbane, QLD, Milbong attacks sawyers, is shot, dies almost immediately.
1846	September	Rivoli Bay, 65 kms north-west of Mt Gambier, SA
1846	November	Gippsland, VIC
1846	11 November	Near North Avenue, Guichen Bay, Robe, SA
1846	December	Snowy River, VIC
1846, 1847		Wickham Park, north Brisbane, QLD, Yilbung took regular bags of flour for his people from millworkers at the Windmill (now a hotel and restaurant on Wickham Terrace) as a ‘monthly rent’. He was imprisoned for this ‘impertinence.’
1846–47		Central Gippsland, VIC
1847		Clarence River, NSW
1847		Kilcoy Station, Upper Brisbane River, QLD, station hands set a trap, putting aresenic-laced flour in hut. Aboriginal people rob the hut, many die after eating the flour.
1847		Mount Eccles, VIC
1847		Mount Talbot, VIC
1847	January	Robe, SA
1847	April	Eumeralla district, south-western VIC
1847	Mid-April	Whiteside Station, QLD (Established on the North Pine River)
1847	20 May	Euremete and Lyne Stations adjoining Branxholme, south-western VIC
1847	July	Mount Napier, VIC
1847	August	Mt Gambier, SA
1847	11 September	North Pine, Brisbane district, QLD, Aborigines, led by Dundalli, kill William Waller and badly wound William Boller. James Smith escapes.
1847	September	Goodar near Callandoon, QLD, James Marks kills an Aboriginal man.
1847	13 October	Mary River, Maryborough district, QLD, George Furber and friend attacked by Aboriginal assistants while building a wool shed. Furber is wounded; his friend killed. Furber later retaliates shooting the Aboriginal men who attacked him.
1847	October	Mount Talbot, VIC
1847	25 November	At, or near, Anderson and Mills’s public house, Buninyong, VIC
1847	c. 28 November	Kangaroo Creek run, south-east of Nymboida, Clarence River district, NSW.More than 20 Aboriginal people die after eating poisoned flour given to them by run-holder Thomas Coutts.
1847–49		Mt Abundance, near Roma, QLD, Aboriginal people kill seven Europeans.
c. 1847–c. 1850		Bunya lands (Blackall Ranges and Bunya Mountains, QLD, Hundreds of fatalities. (Ray Kerkhove, Mapping Frontier war on the Sunshine Coast/Noosa Region, 2020, p. 7)
1847–1851		Aroona Station, Orroroo, north-west of Hawker, SA
1848		Butcher's Tree, near Brewarrina, NSW , massacre of Aboriginal people. (See Rodney Harrison, Shared Landscapes: Archaeologies of Attachment and the Pastoral Industry in New South Wales, UNSW Press, 2004, p. 154)
1848		Escape River, tip of Cape York, Qld, explorer Edmund Kennedy speared, dies in the arms of Aboriginal tracker, Jackey Jackey.
1848		Maryborough, QLD, Aboriginal people kill George Furber and his brother-in-law in the bush.
1848		Tingun Station, near Roma, QLD, Aboriginal people attack James Blythe and drive him off the station.
1848		Umbercollie, QLD
1848		Waterloo Bay (Elliston), SA
1848		Wimmera district, VIC
1848	February	Murrumbidgee station, Murray area, VIC
1848	31 March	Port Lincoln, SA
1849		Avenue Range Station, Mount Gambier area, SA
1849		Balonne and Condamine Rivers, QLD
1849		Bigumbul (Bigambul), QLD
1849		Brown’s run, near Robe, SA
1849		Carbucky, QLD
1849		Fowlers Bay, WA, public execution of Wirangu men, (public executions banned).
1849		Mt Wedge Station, Elliston, SA, public execution of Nawu men (public executions banned).
1849		Paddy Island (also known as Paddy's Island. Formerly known as Coodes Island), upper Burnett River, QLD See also entry below on Gin Gin Station, 4 June 1849)
1849		Port Lincoln, SA
1849		Severn River, QLD
1849		Victoria Park Aboriginal camp, north Brisbane, QLD, 24 soldiers of the 11th Regiment burn camp and shoot Aboriginal residents.
1849	4 June	Gin Gin Station (now part of the town of Gin Gin), Burnett area, QLD, Following the establishment, by Gregory Blaxland and William Forster, of Gin Gin station in 1848, tensions grew between the newcomers and the Taribelang-Bunda people on whose Country the pastoralists intruded. Aboriginal people kill shepherds, the Pegg brothers, on 4 June 1849. More about this frontier violence is covered, for example by Arthur Laurie, ‘Early Gin Gin and the Blaxland Tragedy’, presentation to the Historical Society of Queensland, 27 November 1952, copy available on the website of the library of the University of Queensland, and in Renee Coffey's University of Queensland's Honours Thesis, ‘Frontier violence in Gin Gin: a history of murder, massacre and myth’, access at: https://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:319766 See also: Rachael Knowles, "Suppressed stories of slaughter immortalised in public artwork, National Indigenous Times, 19 March 2020 Wikipedia entry on Paddy Island: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paddy_Island, last edited 18 January 2024
1849	Aft 4 June	The Cedars, QLD(about 14 miles, or 22.5 kms) from Gin Gin. Gregory Blaxland, the Thompson brothers and friendly Aboriginal people kill 'scores of blacks' in a disproportionate reprisal for the Pegg brothers' deaths. (See entry above). More about this massacre is recounted by Arthur Laurie in a paper, ‘Early Gin Gin and the Blaxland Tragedy’, presented to the Historical Society of Queensland on 27 November 1952. (Note: some of the language used in this paper is highly offensive today). Another source for what happened at Gin Gin and vicinity in 1849, is Renee Coffey's Honours Thesis, ‘Frontier violence in Gin Gin: a history of murder, massacre and myth’, School of History, Philosophy, Religion and Classics, The University of Queensland, 2006. Access to this thesis is at: https://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:319766
1849	26 June	Wannon River, western VIC
1849	October	South-east SA
1840s–1850s		Murderers’ Flat, Darlots Creek, near site of Lake Condah Aboriginal Mission, VIC
1850		Breakfast Creek, Brisbane, QLD, colonist 'residents' living near Breakfast Creek petition the government for police protection from Aboriginal attacks.
1850		Brodribb River, at the Mllly (Mille) or Cabbage Tree Creek, near Orbost, VIC
1850		Gippsland, VIC
1850		Murrindal near Orbost, VIC
1850		Breakfast Creek, Brisbane, QLD, colonist 'residents' living near Breakfast Creek petition the government for police protection from Aboriginal attacks.
1850		Paddy Island, Burnett River, QLD, a punitive party of squatters and station hands from Gin Gin and surrounding properties kill hundreds of Aboriginal people on Paddy Island. Many escape by swimming the river and disappearing into the Woongarra Scrub.
1850		Woolooga and Widgee, north-west of Gympie, QLD, At Woolooga, north of Widgee, Frank Murray was killed and 'a lot of sheep taken'. Murray was one of two (a shepherd) or more fatalities. There were also 'several' injuries and stock losses in a 'war' between colonists and Aboriginal people. (Ray Kerkhove, Mapping Frontier War on the Sunshine Coast/Noosa Region, 2020, p. 11)
1850	March	Yuleba Creek, QLD Between January 1850 and August 1851, Commissioner Roderick Mitchell, with the help of Native Police, tried to put down resistance from the Mandandanji people against Europeans who were encroaching on, and taking, Mandandanji lands. Violence continued. Many Aboriginal people were killed in a massacre near Yuleba Creek in March 1850.
1850	August	Gin Gin Station, QLD, Aborigines ambush and kill Gregory Blaxland near the station homestead.
1850s		Blackfellow’s Creek, Barmera, SA
1850s		Cobdolgla Station, 40 kms south-west of Renmark, SA
1850s		Dreamtime Beach, Pooningbah (Fingal Head), NSW The Aboriginal name for Fingal Head that separates the Tweed River from the Pacific Ocean, is 'P[B]ooingbah' or 'Mynjung Booning' meaning ‘place of the echidna’ reflecting the shape of the basalt outcrop at the top of the headland. There is a report of a massacre site on Dreamtime Beach, Fingal, dating from the 1850s: https://2011onthebench.wordpress.com/2011/05/18/every-story-tells-a-picture/
1850s		Kandanga/Amamoor Creek, QLD An early Kandanga colonist recalled Aboriginal people stealing sheep from Manumbar and bringing them to Kandanga Creek. According to historian Ian Pedley, 'marauders' killed a shepherd and stole an entire flock of sheep, driving them nearly 30 miles (48 kms) east, firing the bush behind them to keep pursuers away. They were chased for several days. (Ray Kerkhove, Mapping Frontier War on the Sunshine Coast/Noosa Region, 2020 p. 11)
1850s		Kandanga/Amamoor Creek, Imbil, QLD A posse of colonists, police and a Black tracker, massacre Aboriginal people attending a feast near Amamoor Creek. Possibly many fatalities, including of innocent Aboriginal people. These killings were reprisals for the death of a shepherd and for the theft of a flock of sheep from Manumbar. (Ray Kerkhove, Mapping Frontier War on the Sunshine Coast/Noosa Region, 2020 p. 19)
1850s		Kingston Ferry, 10 kms west of Barmera, SA
1850s		North-east of Lake Bonney, SA
1850s		Mt Serle (Searle), 50 kms east of Leigh Creek, SA
1850s		Teewah Beach, Noosa area, QLD, a massacre of Aboriginal people is believed to have taken place on Teewah Beach. See entry for c. 1854–1860 "Near Teewah".
1850s		Widgee Station, Mary Valley, QLD Mass shooting of Aboriginal people as part of an on-going 'war' between Widgee Head Station staff and First Nations people. (Ray Kerkhove, Mapping Frontier War on the Sunshine Coast/Noosa Region, 2020, p. 18)
1850s–1860s		Boomerang Point, south of Rotamah, Lake Reeve, 20 kms s-e of Bairnsdale, VIC, massacre of Aboriginal people
1850s–1860s		Kandanga Range Road near Amamoor, QLD One or more killings of Aboriginal people in this area. Aboriginal man shot while taking bark from a tree. (Ray Kerkhove, Mapping Frontier War on the Sunshine Coast/Noosa Region, 2020, p. 20)
1851		Maranoa, QLD
1851		Breakfast Creek, Brisbane, QLD Forty Aboriginal warriors raid Bullock's property, destroying crops. Joining with another party of 200, they raid Cash's property further north. A large party of eight mounted men and colonists attack Aboriginal camps in reprisal. Despite the camps being empty the 'posse' burn down and destroy whatever they can.
1852		Fraser Island, QLD See, for example, Ray Kerkhove, Mapping Frontier War on the Sunshine Coast/Noosa Region, 2020, p. 19)
1852		Isla Station, Dawson River, QLD, Aborigines kill McLaren near the station homestead.
1852		Rawbelle Station, QLD, an Aboriginal man named Davey kills Adolphus Trevethan.
1852		Yaroomba/Coolum, Sunshine Coast, QLD Five castaways from the Thomas King shipwreck killed by Aboriginal warriors. Only two survivors make it back to Brisbane after a marathon walk. James Smith, a survivor of a previous frontier attack, recognises warrior-leader Maki-Light (Moggy Moggy) as one of the ringleaders in the attack. It was believed to be a reprisal for a hanging his party mistakenly believed to be occurring in Brisbane at the time. (Ray Kerkhove, Mapping Frontier War on the Sunshine Coast/Noosa Region, December 2020, pp. 11–12)
1852	May–July	Yamboucal Station, near Surat, QLD
1852	22 August	'Meldrum Massacre', Bald Hills Station, Armidale district, NSW Murders, allegedly committed by Aboriginal people, of colonists John Meldrum, Mary Mason and her two children, aged 3 and 18 months. The murders may have been in retaliation for the poisoning of Aboriginal people, with arsenic-laced flour, by other colonists.
1852	22 August	Queen Street, Brisbane, QLD, Davey, an Aboriginal man, hanged for the murder of Adolphus Trevethan.
1852	September	Mt Aden, near Port Lincoln, SA
1852	30 September	Bordertown, SA
1853		Bunya lands (Blackall Ranges and Bunya Mountains), QLD, invasion (Ray Kerkhove, Mapping Frontier War on the Sunshine Coast/Noosa Region, 2020, pp.7–8)
1853	3 December	Sandgate, Brisbane area, QLD, Aboriginal people attack Tom Dowse and family. The Dowses escape with their lives. Incident leads to the establishment of a Native Police camp at Sandgate headed by Lt. Wheeler.
1853–54		Black Head, East Ballina, NSW, Native police kill between 30 and 40 Bundjalung people near the old East Ballina Gold Course. More information: Monument Australia: https://monumentaustralia.org.au/themes/conflict/indigenous/display/21079-east-ballina-massacre-site National Library of Australia, Trove: "An East Ballina Massacre”, (From the reminiscences of James Ainsworth), The Don Dorrigo Gazette and Guy Fawkes Advocate, Saturday 14 October 1922: https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/171989519 Richmond River Massacres (refers to the 'East Ballina massacre'): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richmond_River_massacres
1853–54		Imbil (Yabba Creek)/Imbil Island, QLD Several fatalities during a ‘collision’ between Native Mounted Police and ‘warring’ Aboriginal groups who joined forces against the police. (Ray Kerkhove, Mapping Frontier War on the Sunshine Coast/Noosa Region, 2020, p. 8)
c. 1854		Miriam Vale, QLD
1854		Granville, QLD
1854		Nundah, north Brisbane, QLD, 60 Aboriginal warriors surround a colonist's homestead, pulling up all crops.
1854		Tiereyboo, QLD
1854	19 September	Mt Brown, east of Port Pirie, SA
1854	25 December	Mt Larcom Station, Port Curtis district, QLD, Aboriginal people murder five of Young's employees while he is visiting Gladstone. Native Police pursue murderers, killing many.
c. 1854–1860		Near Teewah Beach, Noosa area, QLD Teewah Massacre: ‘a number of fatalities’, possibly perpetrated by the Native Police, led by Lt John Bligh. (Ray Kerkhove, Mapping Frontier War on the Sunshine Coast/Noosa Region, 2020, pp. 19–20)
1855		Middlecap Station, Franklin Harbour, Cowell, SA
1855	5 January	Queen Street, Brisbane, QLD, Dundalli hanged.
1856		Wangerriburra/Mt Wetheren, NSW
1856		Werribone, QLD
1856		Towel Creek, Macleay River, NSW
1856	10 January	South Australia, four Banggarla men hanged for murder and sheep stealing.
1856	December	Hornet Bank, Dawson River, QLD
1856–57		, Aboriginal groups continually harass, raid and rob colonists. Colonists retaliate with punitive attacks.
1856–57		Hornet Bank, Dawson River, QLD
1857		Mt Serle (Searle), SA
1857	27 October	Upper Dawson River, QLD, Hornet Bank Massacre (Fraser family), Hornet Bank Station, Dawson River Basin Example of sources: Dr Timothy Bottoms, ‘Hornet Bank Massacre’, ‘The Frontier Series’, Far North Queensland History Series: https://cairnshistory.com.au/content/uploads/2021/07/The-Frontier-Series-Hornet-Bank-Massacre-1857-TFS001.jpg
1857–1858		Dawson River district, QLD, retaliatory massacres of hundreds of Yeeman people Example of sources: Dr Timothy Bottoms, ‘Hornet Bank Massacre’, ‘The Frontier Series’, Far North Queensland History Series: https://cairnshistory.com.au/content/uploads/2021/07/The-Frontier-Series-Hornet-Bank-Massacre-1857-TFS001.jpg
1858		John Jacob’s run, Arkaroola Creek, 100 kms east-north-east of Leigh Creek, SA
1858		Fairymead, QLD
1858		Maryborough, QLD
1858		Nundah, north of Brisbane, QLD Nundah colonists decide on a ‘pre-emptive strike’ against a local Aboriginal camp after becoming frightened by a war-making corroboree and threats from Aboriginal warriors. The colonists fire shots into the camp. While Aboriginal deaths and injuries are unknown, the camp is abandoned for two months. As revenge, Aboriginal survivors disperse and kill many cattle on the Pine Rivers.
1858		Tibradden Station, Victoria River district, inland from Geraldton, WA
1858	6 April	Eurombah Station, Dawson River area, QLD, Aboriginal people kill two shepherds.
1859		Breakfast Creek, Brisbane, QLD Five police destroy Aboriginal camps near Breakfast Creek, kill and injure at least two of the 100 Aboriginal camp residents.
1859		Hospital Creek, near Brewarrina, NSW, massacre of about 300 Aboriginal men, women and children. For more information search Monument Australia, the National Library of Australia's Trove, the State Library of New South Wales's Gather website, and Wikipedia
1859		Lake Bolac Station, western VIC
1859	c. March	Upper Irwin River, mid-west WA
1859	September	Near Brisbane QLD , shooting of an Aboriginal woman and injuries to two children.
1860		Bendemere, QLD, Frederick Carr's Native Police detachment kills unknown number of Aboriginal people.
1860		Fassifern, QLD, Frederick Wheeler's Native Police detachment kills unknown number of Aboriginal people.
1860		Flinders Peak, near Ipswich, QLD, Frederick Wheeler's Native Police detachment kills unknown number of Aboriginal people. Inquest or inquiry into the deaths of Tommy and an unknown Aboriginal person concludes they were killed by the Native Police.
1860		Kenilworth Station, QLD Possibly up to 10 fatalities and/or loss of stock. Kenilworth station was established on the edge of the Bunya Bunya Reserve, so may have been attacked. Historian Ian Pedley's account of a massacre of colonists at Kenilworth in 1860 could be drawing on a distorted memory of killings at Hornet Bank in 1857, as no soldiers, who had allegedly been sent out against ‘the Blacks’, were apparently used against Aboriginal people in Queensland after 1849. (Ray Kerkhove, Mapping Frontier War on the Sunshine Coast/Noosa Region, 2020, p. 13)
1860		Kenilworth/Kenilworth Bluff, QLD Oral traditions of Kabi Kabi, and descendants of colonists, report a massacre of Aboriginal people at Kenilworth Bluff, an important Aboriginal bora ground, signalling, spiritual and burial site. (Ray Kerkhove, Mapping Frontier War on the Sunshine Coast/Noosa Region, 2020, pp. 20–21)
1860		Maryborough, QLD, John Bligh's Native Police detachment kills unknown number of Aboriginal people. February 1860 Inquest or inquiry into the death of the Aboriginal man, Darky, concludes Native Police shot him.
1860		Venus Bay, 60 kms south-east of Streaky Bay, SA. Execution of more Nawu men
1860		Venus Bay, 60 kms south-east of Streaky Bay, SA
1860	25 June	Attack Creek (Goaranalki), Stuart Highway, 74 kms north of Tennant Creek, NT, Warumungu attack on explorer John McDouall Stuart and party. Stuart turns back. No reported deaths or injuries to Warumungu people or explorers.
1860	November/December	Rockhampton area, QLD Native Police Troopers, Toby and Gulliver are arrested and charged with the rape and murder of Fanny Briggs. Trooper Ballantyne is also charged in December 1860 but later released. Gulliver shot dead while escaping, after admitting his part in the Briggs murder. Trooper Alma, possibly implicated but never charged, shot while trying to escape from Rockhampton Gaol.
1860s		South Ballina, NSW Mass attempt at poisoning of people from the Nyangbal clan of the Bundjalung Nation. About 150 adults die after eating poisoned damper. Wikipedia entry on the Richmond River Massacres refers to the South Ballina massacre: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richmond_River_massacres
Early 1860s		"Waterview", north Bundaberg, QLD
1860s		Doonan, (today a rural locality between Sunshine Coast and Shire of Noosa), QLD William Cash and Andrews Jones beat off an attack by a group of Aboriginal people. Doonan is not far from Murdering Creek. This may have been one of the incidents that provoked the massacre of Aboriginal people at Murdering Creek in mid-1864. (Ray Kerkhove, Mapping Frontier War on the Sunshine Coast/Noosa Region, 2020, p. 15)
1860s		South of Gympie, past Seven Mile Hotel on 'Brisbane Road', QLD Aboriginal man lures Frank Luke into bush, where he is almost speared and robbed. Luke could hear warriors making call signals to each other as they were preparing to attack him. (Ray Kerkhove, Mapping Frontier War on the Sunshine Coast/Noosa Region, 2020, p. 15)
Late 1860s		Lolworth Massacre (N*'s Bounce), north QLD Gudjala people shot by the Hann brothers, William and Frank. Example of sources: Dr Timothy Bottoms, ‘The Frontier Series’, Far North Queensland History Series: https://cairnshistory.com.au/content/uploads/2021/07/The-Frontier-Series-Lolworth-Massacre-Niggers-Bounce-late-1860s-TFS002.jpg
1861		Albinia Downs, QLD
1861		Breakfast Creek, Brisbane, QLD Aboriginal people drive off colonists' drays and rob travellers. Constable Griffin and two mounted police raid Aboriginal camp and make arrests.
1861		Bulloo, QLD, conflict between members of the Burke and Wills expedition and Aboriginal people.
1861		Dawson River, QLD An inquest or inquiry into the death of ex-Trooper Tahiti, concludes in July 1861 that he was shot by the Native Police.
1861		Near Emerald, QLD
1861		Fairfield Station, QLD,William Moorhead's Native Police detachment kills Aboriginal people. An inquest or inquiry concludes in December 1861 that at least one Aboriginal person, name unknown, was shot by the Native Police.
1861		Flinders River, QLD, Native Police kill 12 Aboriginal people in a clash over the right to camp at a fresh water spring.
1861		Maranoa, QLD
1861		Medway Ranges (Central Highlands), QLD
1861		Manumbar, QLD, Rudolph Morisset's Native Police detachment kills Aboriginal people.
1861		Planet Creek, Springsure district, QLD, Native Police involved in killing Aboriginal people.
Early 1861		Rockhampton area, QLD Native Police Lieutenant Rudolph Morriset shoots an alleged Aboriginal deserter, implicated in the Briggs murder, who had escaped to the bush.
1861	11 April	‘Bunya Bunya’ (Jimna/Maleny/Mapleton), Blackall Ranges(?), QLD Lieutenant Wheeler of the Native Police reported that his unit had ‘dispersed’ ‘bunya bunya natives and patrolled bunya bunya lands’. (Ray Kerkhove, Mapping Frontier War on the Sunshine Coast/Noosa Region, 2020, p. 21)
1861	10 June	‘Bunya Bunya’ (Jimna/Maleny/Mapleton), Blackall Ranges(?), QLD Lieutenant Wheeler of the Native Police reported that his unit had ‘dispersed’ ‘bunya bunya natives’ and patrolled bunya bunya lands’. (Ray Kerkhove, Mapping Frontier War on the Sunshine Coast/Noosa Region, 2020, p. 21)
1861	17 October	Cullinguringa (Cullin-La-Ringo) Massacre or Wills Tragedy, north of Springsure, QLD Up to 50 Aboriginal people attack and murder 19 of 25 colonists who are setting up a very large 260 square-kilometre (64,000-acre) property on Aboriginal country north of Springsure at Cullinguringa. Nineteen of the 25 men, women and children are killed. The huge squatting party, that included bullock waggons and more than 10,000 sheep, had attracted the attention, not only of Aboriginal people, but of other squatters. At least 300 Aboriginal people are killed in vigilante reprisals and native police patrols that occur over later days and weeks. For sources see, e.g., Dr Timothy Bottoms, ‘Cullin-la-ringo’, ‘The Frontier Series’, Far North Queensland History Series: https://cairnshistory.com.au/content/uploads/2021/07/The-Frontier-Series-Cullin-la-ringo-1861-TFS009.jpg
1861	21–24 October	Springsure area, QLD Following the Cullinguringa (Cullin-La-Ringo) massacre, eleven colonists pursue Aboriginal people they believe to be the perpetrators. The Aboriginal camp is ‘stormed on foot with success’ very early on the morning of 23 October 1861. The number of Aboriginal people injured or killed in the ensuing fight is not recorded. Tom Wills, famous sportsman and son of Horatio Wills, is alleged to have taken part in a reprisal against First Nations' people involved at the Cullinguringa killings. (For more information see the News page on this website.) On 24 October 1861, Native Police Lieutenant William Cave commands a detachment that begins a further pursuit in reprisal against Aboriginal people. Colonists from the Leichhardt District, occupation of which is growing rapidly, call for a bigger native police presence in the district. See also, Dr Timothy Bottoms, ‘Cullin-la-ringo’, ‘The Frontier Series’, Far North Queensland History Series: https://cairnshistory.com.au/content/uploads/2021/07/The-Frontier-Series-Cullin-la-ringo-1861-TFS009.jpg
1861	October 1861	Maranoa River, QLD, in the aftermath of the Cullinguringa (Cullin-La-Ringo) massacre, Native Police kill at least 10 Aboriginal people in a ‘dispersal’ at the Maranoa River. Two Native Police injured.
1861	November	Roxburgh (Roxborough) Downs, QLD
c. 1862		Cape Upstart, QLD
1862		Breakfast Creek, Brisbane, QLD, Constable Griffin and a trooper ‘disperse’ Aboriginal people in the area.
1862		Caboolture, near Brisbane, QLD
1862		Coongoola, QLD
1862		Dawson River (lower), QLD, Ralph Johnson's Native Police detachment kills Aboriginal people. An inquest or inquiry concludes in December 1862 that the Native Police shot at least one Aboriginal person.
1862		Fowlers Bay, 140 kms west of Ceduna, SA
1862		Tibradden Station, WA
1862		Venus Bay, 60 kms south-east of Streaky Bay, SA
1862	Between 1 and 30 September	Pigeon Creek station, on tributary of the Warrego River, QLD Twenty five bodies [of First Nations people] found after a ‘Native police action’ on the Warrego River. (Jonathan Richards, The Secret War: A True History of Queensland's Native Police, p. 68; Blagden Chambers, Black and White: The story of a massacre and its aftermath, 1988.)
1863		Gayndah, QLD, Joseph Harris's Native Police detachment kills unknown number of Aboriginal people. An Aboriginal man called Jemmy is one of those killed. An inquiry or inquest concludes in April 1863 that the native Police shot Jemmy. Officer Harris is suspended and dismissed for neglect of duty in ‘allowing his troopers out of his control’.
1863		Meteor Creek, Springsure district, QLD, William Sharpe's Native Police detachment kill at least one Aboriginal person.
1863		Mapleton/Obi Obi area, near Mooloolah, QLD A traveller is speared to death in rainforest between Mooloolah and Upper Obi Obi Creek. (Ray Kerkhove, Mapping Frontier War on the Sunshine Coast/Noosa Region, 2020, p. 13)
1863		Meteor Creek, Springsure district, QLD William Sharpe's Native Police detachment involved in killing of at least one Aboriginal person.
1863		Tieryboo, Dalby, QLD, Frederick Carr's Native Police detachment kills unknown number of Aboriginal people. An inquest or inquiry concludes in January 1863 that the native Police shot an Aboriginal man named Tallboy.
1863		Yatton, QLD, Marmaduke Richardson's Native Police detachment kills unknown number of Aboriginal people. An inquiry or inquest concludes in September 1863 that the Native Police shot an Aboriginal man called Wallace. Richardson is dismissed.
1863	December	Currimundi/Moffat Beach area, (somewhere between bunya bunya lands (Maleny/Mapleton) and north of Caboolture, QLD Massacre of Aboriginal people near the coast in this area. Lieutenant Wheeler of the Native Mounted Police reported that his unit patrolled the bunya lands ‘to no effect’. Thereafter the unit ‘dispersed large mob of Aborigines near to seacoast’. (‘Dispersal’ was the usual term the Native Mounted Police used for a massacre. A standing battle was referred to as a ‘skirmish’.) (Ray Kerkhove, Mapping Frontier War on the Sunshine Coast/Noosa Region, 2020, pp. 21–22)
1864		Eureka near Bundaberg, QLD, Brown's Native Police detachment kills unknown number of Aboriginal people.
1864		Mullewa, WA
1864		Pabaju (Albany Island), QLD
1864		Stuckey and Elders’ run, Umberatana Station, 120 kms west of Lyndhurst, SA
1864		Tibradden Station, WA
1864	c. March	Mooloolah Plains (rural locality in the Sunshine Coast region), QLD Lieutenant Wheeler of the Native Mounted Police reported his troops were ‘”dispersing” natives at Mooloolah’. Inter-tribal tournaments were often held on the Mooloolah Plains. After bunya feasts, large numbers of Aboriginal people went to Mooloolaba, Buderim and Alexandra Headlands to fish and to collect oysters. Wheeler's patrol may have confronted and ‘dispersed’ Aboriginal people around this time.
1864	4 June	Sander’s run, QLD
1864	10 June	Expedition Range, QLD
1864	c. Mid-	Murdering Creek near Lake Wyeba, Noosa Heads area, QLD Massacre of Aboriginal people. Many fatalities. See also entry on Lake Wyeba c. 1867–1868 and Ray Kerkhove, Mapping Frontier War on the Sunshine Coast/Noosa Region, 2020, pp. 26–27. This report puts the date of the massacre as c. 1868–1869. See also entry on Murdering Creek for c. 1868–1869 below.
1864	16 December	North of Nassau River, QLD, Frederick and Alexander Jardine kill nine Kokoberrin warriors. Example of sources: Dr Timothy Bottoms, ‘Jardine's Trip Up Cape York Peninsula 1864’, ‘The Frontier Series’, Far North Queensland History Series: https://cairnshistory.com.au/content/uploads/2021/07/The-Frontier-Series-Jardines-Trip-Up-Cape-York-Peninsula-1864-TFS011.jpg
1864	18 December	Mitchell River, Cape York Peninsula, QLD Battle of the Mitchell, Aboriginal warriors, hurling spears, fight a pitched battle against armed Europeans. Many warriors are killed or injured. No colonists die or injured. In the Battle of the Mitchell, Aboriginal warriors, hurling spears, fought a pitched battle against armed Europeans. Possibly up to 72 First Nations people shot in 11 separate incidents during the Jardines' trip up Cape York. Example of sources: Dr Timothy Bottoms, ‘Jardine's Trip Up Cape York Peninsula 1864’, ‘The Frontier Series’, Far North Queensland History Series: https://cairnshistory.com.au/content/uploads/2021/07/The-Frontier-Series-Jardines-Trip-Up-Cape-York-Peninsula-1864-TFS011.jpg
1864?	December	Alice River, Cape York Peninsula, QLD More than 31 First Nations people killed (up to 59 killed or wounded) when the Jardine brothers encountered a gathering of about 70 to 80 men who were probably attending a ceremony. Example of Sources: Dr Timothy Bottoms, ‘Jardine's Trip Up Cape York Peninsula 1864’, ‘The Frontier Series’, Far North Queensland History Series: https://cairnshistory.com.au/content/uploads/2021/07/The-Frontier-Series-Jardines-Trip-Up-Cape-York-Peninsula-1864-TFS011.jpg
c. 1865		Eudlo Flats, junction of Eudlo Creek and Maroochy River, QLD
1865		Aboriginal people attack two constables. Aboriginal camps in the Breakfast Creek area burnt down again in revenge.
1865		Calliope, QLD, Arthur Beevor's Native Police detachment kills unknown number of Aboriginal people. An inquiry or inquest concludes in October 1865 that an unknown Aboriginal person or persons was/were killed by the Native Police
1865		Dawson River district, QLD, Otto Paschen's Police detachment involved in 'numerous collisions'.
1865		Glenmore, QLD
1865		La Grange Bay area, Kimberley region, WA
1865		Mailman's Gorge, near Aramac, QLD Arthur Beevor's Native Police detachment kills unknown number of Aboriginal people. An inquiry or inquest concludes in October 1865 that an unknown Aboriginal person or persons was/were killed by the Native Police.
1865		Maroochy River at Horseshoe Bend (Bli Bli/Yandina), QLD Up to 200 Aboriginal warriors hold timber cutter (later Constable) George Doyle and companions under siege at his timber-getting hut on the Maroochy River. The incident sparks brutal retaliation. (Ray Kerkhove, Mapping Frontier War on the Sunshine Coast/Noosa Region, 2020, p. 13)
Strong>1865		Maroochy River at Horseshoe Bend (probably Bli Bli/Yandina), QLD Timber-getter and later Constable George Doyle creates a booby trap from his hut, using rifles, gunpowder, slug shot, nails and a wedge that would strike matches. This lethal contraption results in the deaths of an unspecified, but large number, of Aboriginal fatalities. (Ray Kerkhove, Mapping Frontier War on the Sunshine Coast/Noosa Region, 2020, p. 23)
1865		Moola Bulla, WA
1865		Thouringowa (Thuringowa) Waterhole, QLD
1865	May	Near Rannes, QLD , Native Police Officer, Cecil Hill, killed during an Aboriginal attack.
1865	8 June	Rio Station, Dawson River, QLD, Aboriginal people ambush and kill a European police sergeant and three Aboriginal troopers. Native Police mount a revenge expedition.
Mid-1860s		Doonella Lake, east of Tewantin, QLD Kabi Kabi leader Sergeant (King) Brown and 20 warriors confront Mr Hay demanding food. Brown strikes Mr Hay on the head as he bends down. Hay manages to retrieve his revolver, fires shots on the ground around the group who then flee. (Ray Kerkhove, Mapping Frontier War on the Sunshine Coast/Noosa Region, 2020, p. 14)
Mid-1860s		West of Rockhampton, QLD
1860s–1870s		Cooloothin Creek, Sunshine Coast/Noosa area, QLD According to Kabi tradition, a massacre of Aboriginal people occurred at Cooloothin Creek, possibly in the 1860s/1870s. (Ray Kerkhove, Mapping Frontier War on the Sunshine Coast/Noosa Region, 2020, p. 25)
c. 1865–1870		Maroochy River (Bli Bli?), QLD Puram shot on the Maroochy River, most likely at Bli Bli, while diving for kombo (shipworm), renowned in the area. (Ray Kerkhove, Mapping Frontier War on the Sunshine Coast/Noosa Region, 2020, p. 23)
c. 1865–1870		Ninderry Station, QLD Kabi Kabi rainmaker Karal (Banjor or 'Banjo') shot at and nearly died from poisoned flour. Karal recalled poisoning of other Aboriginal people at Ninderry Station. (Ray Kerkhove, Mapping frontier War on the Sunshine Coast/Noosa Region, 2020, p. 24)
Mid to late 1860s		Bundaburra(h) Creek, near Forbes, NSW, Aboriginal people poisoned with strychnine, then 'thrown in the river near Bundaburra(h) Creek'.
c. 1866		Chesterton (Pigeon Creek), QLD
1866		Banana, QLD Native Police officer, Edward Seymour, kills an Aboriginal woman. An inquiry or inquest concludes in February 1866 that the Native Police killed the woman. Seymour was discharged in 1868 after his position was abolished. (Jonathan Richards, The Secret War: A True History of Queensland's Native Police, p. 259)
1866		Imbil run, near Gympie, QLD Large numbers of Aboriginal people gather on the Imbil run, killing two heifers and threatening local squatters with more ‘destruction’. Sub-inspector Fruedenthal and troopers visit Imbil run but take no action as their horses were ‘all knocked up’. (Ray Kerkhove, Mapping Frontier War on the Sunshine Coast/Noosa Region, 2020, p. 14)
1866		Mooloolah River (Old Daisy's Place), waterhole, Glenview area, QLD Three Kabi Kabi men, Captain Piper, Tommy Skyring and Johnny Griffins, kill and rob botanist William Stephens while assisting him on an expedition in the Glenview area. Constable Nalty and later Sub-Inspector Frudenthal (Freudenthal?), with troopers, search for the three men without success. (Ray Kerkhove, Mapping Frontier War on the Sunshine Coast/Noosa Region, 2020, p. 14)
1866		Pearl Creek, QLD
1866		Perch Creek, QLD
1866	December	Lake Perigundi, Cooper’s Creek Tirari Desert, 110 kms north-east of Marree, SA
1867		Breakfast Creek, Brisbane, QLD Fifteen Aboriginal people steal a boat and ransack a cutter. Sub-Inspector of Police Gough burns Aboriginal camps in the Breakfast Creek area.
1867		Goulbolba Hill, Central QLD
1867		Kin Kin Creek, and area between Lake Cootharaba and Kin Kin, QLD While heavy logging is happening in the area, Abraham Boyd kills up to 20 Aboriginal men with a rifle and booby-trap during a siege of his hut. Abraham Luya is also besieged at his Kin Kin hut. Whether any Aboriginal people were killed is not known. (Ray Kerkhove, Mapping Frontier War on the Sunshine Coast/Noosa Region, 2020, pp. 24–25)
1867		Morinish, QLD, Myrtil Aubin's Native Police detachment kills unknown number of Aboriginal people. An inquiry or inquest concludes in March 1867 that the native Police shot an Aboriginal man named Tommy. Aubin is dismissed.
1867		Paroo River, south-west QLD, William Hill's Native Police detachment kills Aboriginal people.
1867		Stawell River, QLD
1867		The Leap, north-west of Mackay, QLD
1867		Turtle Head Island, north QLD
1867		Widgee Creek and Glastonbury Creek, head of, west of Gympie, QLD Aboriginal groups use the Widgee Scrubs as a stronghold and rainforest as a cover. Reports of ‘depredations’ on colonists' cattle. Loyau claims land had to be won from First Peoples ‘acre by acre’ of bloodshed. (Ray Kerkhove, Mapping Frontier War on the Sunshine Coast/Noosa Region, 2020, p. 16)
c. 1867		Broadsound district, QLD
c. 1867		Kin Kin Creek, near confluence with Lake Cootharaba, towards northern end of lake, Noosa area, QLD Abraham Luya and Major Alexander Boyd claim to have been verbally abused, physically threatened, and held under siege for between one and three days at their timber-getting huts on Kin Kin Creek. Alexander Boyd uses this incident for creating a booby trap that killed many warriors. (Ray Kerkhove, Mapping Frontier War on the Sunshine Coast/Noosa Region, 2020, pp. 14–15)
c. 1867–1868		Lake Wyeba, near Noosa, QLD Colonists from Maryborough bring cattle to feed around Lake Wyeba. The colonists shoot at Aboriginal people after they speared some of the animals. Possibly some wounding or fatalities of Aboriginal people. The site of this incident was the lake shore where today's Noosa aerodrome is located. (Ray Kerkhove, Mapping Frontier War on the Sunshine Coast/Noosa Region, 2020, p. 25)
1868		Albert Downs, Gregory River, QLD, Aboriginal people rob station of firearms, axes, food and other supplies. 'Dispersed by the law of the carbine'. No loss of lives or injuries reported.
1868		Burdekin, QLD
1868		Cassidy's Station, Leichhardt River, QLD, Aboriginal people attack station, 'dispersed by the law of the carbine'. No deaths or injuries reported.
1868		Gregory River, QLD
1868		Grosvenor Downs, QLD
1868		Inverleigh, QLD
1868		Kimberleys, WA
1868		Mailman's Gorge near Aramac, QLD, more than 25 Aboriginal people slaughtered.
1868		Norman River, QLD Aboriginal people kill Cannon, Manson and a number of Chinese employees on Liddie and Hetzer's station.
1868		South of Burketown, QLD, Uhr massacre Uhr's Native Police detachment slaughter Aboriginal people.
1868	February–May	Flying Foam Passage, King Bay, Murujuga (Burrup Peninsula), WA, Flying Foam Massacres of Aboriginal people. More information: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wonnerup_massacre https://maryblight.com/2022/03/18/the-1841-wonnerup-massacre/
1868	October	Lake Tyers, VIC
1868	17 December	North Creek Station, Nebo, QLD, Aboriginal people murder JT Collins.
c. 1868–1869		Murdering Creek, southern side of Lake Wyeba, near Noosa, QLD Murdering Creek Massacre Many Aboriginal fatalities are believed to have occurred at Murdering Creek. See also entry on Lake Wyeba c. 1867–1868. (Ray Gibbons 2015, ‘Deconstructing colonial myths: the massacre at Murdering Creek’, Academia online: https://www.academia.edu/12361316/Deconstructing_colonial_myths_the_massacre_at_Murdering_Creek Ray Kerkhove, Mapping Frontier War on the Sunshine Coast/Noosa Region, 2020, pp. 26–27)
c. 1868–1869		Yandina Run (covered area from Dunethin to Maroochy River between Noosa and Mooloolah), QLD Overseer speared, hundreds of stock lost. (Ray Kerkhove, Mapping Frontier War on the Sunshine Coast/Noosa Region, 2020, pp. 16–17)
1869		Bowen district, QLD
1869		Kourareg, on Muralag (Prince of Wales Island), QLD, Aborigines capture captain and crew of a cutter. Kill some crew and a boy. Captain Montgomerie's frigate Blanche, with police aboard, embarks on a punitive expedition against the 'Mt Ernest natives' believed responsible. Three 'chiefs' shot.
1869		Nebo, QLD, Robert Johnstone's Native Police detachment kills Aboriginal people.
1869		Woodstock, QLD
1870		Barcoo River, QLD, Edward Wheeler's Native Police detachment kills several Aboriginal people.
1870–1890		Kalkadoon Wars, Mt Isa region, QLD (see also Battle Mountain below)
Early 1870s		Battle Hole, Barcoo River, QLD
1870s		Gilbert River, QLD
1870s		Yandina Creek, near Coolum, QLD Several First Nations people wounded, and some possible fatalities when colonists shoot at Aboriginal people on their way to a bora ring of spiritual significance. The shots are fired from men's quarters on Yandina cattle station, nearby which were several bora rings. (Ray Kerkhove, Mapping Frontier War on the Sunshine Coast/Noosa Region, 2020, p. 27)
1870–1890		Kalkadoon Wars, Mt Isa region, QLD (see also Battle Mountain below)
1871		Cloncurry, QLD An inquest or inquiry into the death of an unknown Aboriginal person concludes that WD Uhr shot the person. Charges dismissed.
1871		Gilberton, QLD, deadly clashes between Aboriginal people, miners and Native Police.
1871		Somerset, QLD, Frank Jardine allegedly shoots four Native Police troopers, three apparently survive but try to escape by sea in a canoe a month later.
1871		Tiaro, QLD An inquest or inquiry concludes in June 1871 that Police Constable McMullen shot an Aboriginal man named Bungaree.
1872		Aramac, Barcaldine region, QLD, Frederick Maier killed.
1872		Near Cardwell, QLD, Aboriginal people kill some survivors of the Maria shipwreck, help others.
1872		Near Cardwell, QLD, Native Police involved in reprisals against Aboriginal people believed to have killed Maria shipwreck survivors.
1872		Cloncurry, QLD, Alexander Salmond's Native police detachment kills Aboriginal people.
1872		Clump Point, Mission Beach, QLD, Robert Johnstone's Native Police detachment kills Aboriginal people.
1872		Coast Track (the Savannah Way), Gulf Country, NT (Multiple killings)
1872		Opposite Coonanglebah (Dunk) Island, QLD, Djiru massacre
1872		Gladstone, QLD, Native police detachment kills Aboriginal people. Inquiries or inquests concluded in August (for and Aboriginal man called Billy) and in September 1872 for Harry and Tommy, that the Native Police under the command of Alexander Douglas had shot them.
1872		Herbert River, far north QLD, Charles Shairp's Native Police detachment kills an Aboriginal woman. An inquest or inquiry concludes in September 1872 that an Aboriginal woman called Cassey was shot by the native Police. Shairp or Sharpe is dismissed.
1872		Hinchinbrook Island, QLD
1872		Mt Leonard, QLD
1872		Newcastle Waters area, NT
1872		Sweers Island, QLD
1872		Tambo, Barcoo River, central QLD, Thomas Williams's Native Police detachment kills Aboriginal people. An inquest or inquiry concludes in October 1872 that Billy and Chow Chow were shot by the Native Police. Williams is dismissed.
1872		Near Yaamba, north of Rockhampton, QLD
1872		Valley of Lagoons, QLD, Johnstone's Native Police detachment alleged to have killed Aboriginal people.
1872		Wombinderry Waterhole, QLD
1872		Wyandotte (Whyandot) Station, QLD Dr Timothy Bottoms mentions Wyandotte Station in Chapter 8, ‘Dark Deeds in the Northern Rainforests––the Tully and Cairns Districts’, on p. 137 of his book, Conspiracy of Silence: Queensland’s Frontier Killing Times, Allen & Unwin, 2013. This reference relates to the activities of ‘Mr. Johnson’ (Acting Sub-Inspector Robert Johnstone) at Wyandotte (also spelt ‘Whyandot’) Station in 1872. Richard Bird Hall wrote a letter to the Editor of the Brisbane Courier from Alice River, Townsville on 27 July 1872 about the treatment of First Nations people, including at ‘Whyandot’, by Acting Sub Inspector Johnstone. Mr Hall’s letter was published in the Brisbane Courier on 10 August 1872, p. 5 (available on the National Library of Australia's Trove Newspaper database).
1872	24 April	Welford Downs Station (formerly Walton Downs Station), Barcoo River area, QLD, Aborigines murder Richard Welford, squatter and Henry Hall, stockman, while they are sawing a tree.
1873		Aramac, Barcaldine region, QLD, John Carroll's Native Police detachment kills Aboriginal people.
1873		Opposite Double Island, QLD
1873		Herbert River, QLD, Johnstone's Native Police detachment kills Aboriginal people.
1873		Massacre Sandhill, QLD
1873		Normanby, QLD, Aulaire Morisset's Native Police detachment kills Aboriginal people.
1873		Palm Cove, QLD, Johnstone's Native Police detachment kills Aboriginal people.
1873		Pearl Shellers’ Revenge, south-west of Somerset station, far north QLD
1873		North of Pine Creek, NT
1873		Skull Creek, near Nebo, QLD
1873		St Lawrence, QLD Native Police detachment under the command of Alexander Douglas, shoot Aboriginal men, Charley and Dickey. Inquiries or inquests conclude in July and August respectively that the Native Police shot the men.
1873	April	Green Island, off Cairns, QLD
1873	10 July	Green Island, off Cairns, QLD
1873	22 November	Gilberton goldfield, QLD, Aborigines kill two Chinese prospectors, two reported missing.
1873	c. December	Battle Camp ‘collision’, far north QLD, European prospectors and Native Police engage in armed battle with Aboriginal tribespeople. Hundreds of Aboriginal people killed, about four Europeans speared to death.
c. 1873		Elderslie station, Diamantina River, QLD Carroll's Native Police from Aramac slaughter many Aboriginal males on the station.
1874		Bloomfield River, far north QLD, while trying to find a shorter route from the coast to the Palmer goldfield, Edward Dumaresq's Native Police detachment is involved in a number of killings of Aboriginal people.
1874		Breakfast Creek, Brisbane, QLD Mounted police ‘disperse’ occupants of Aboriginal camps in the area.
1874		Gilberton, QLD, Henry Finch's Native Police detachment involved in killings of Aboriginal people.
1874		Herbert River, QLD Native Police shoot Trooper Sam. An inquiry or inquest concludes in October 1874 that the Native Police shot Trooper Sam.
1874		Skull Creek, 50 kms south of Barrow Creek, NT
1874		Traveston Station and Cootharaba, QLD Three Aboriginal warriors attack and rob a Chinese worker in the bush, then threaten Mr Campbell of Traveston Station, demanding money and challenging him to a fight. The warriors ‘completely sacked’ Cootharaba hut, later hiding out at Mt Cooroy. (Ray Kerkhove, Mapping Frontier War on the Sunshine Coast/Noosa Region, 2020, p. 17)
1874	June	Green Island, off Cairns, QLD
1874	Late	Palmer River area, QLD, Aboriginal people kill Straher family.
1874–75		Blackfellow’s Creek, far north QLD
1875		Aramac, QLD Native Police Officer John Carroll is implicated in the shooting of Trooper Echo. An inquest or inquiry concludes in October 1875 that the Native Police killed Trooper Echo. Carroll is charged with murder of a trooper and the flogging of an Aboriginal woman but the case is dismissed. He is dismissed in 1876 for the murder of a trooper.
1875		Miriam Vale, QLD, Native Police officer, Alexander Douglas involved in Aboriginal killings. An inquiry or inquest concludes in May 1875 that an Aboriginal person called Comey, was shot by the Native Police under Douglas's command.
1875		Palmer River area, QLD, reprisals against Aboriginal people following Straher deaths
1875	30 June	Roper Bar, near Roper River, NT, Charles Johnston killed by Aboriginal people.
1875	July?	Roper River (Mole Hill to mouth), NT, punitive expeditions after Johnston's murder
1875	7 August	Roper Bar, near Roper River, NT, Abram Daer killed by Aboriginal people.
c. 1875		Irpmankara massacre, NT
1876		Banchory Station near Clermont, QLD Native Police officer Frederick Wheeler charged with murder of an Aboriginal man named Jemmy. An inquiry or inquest concludes in January 1876 that the Native Police killed Jemmy. Wheeler charged with the Banchory murder and is dismissed. Despite charges, Wheeler is allowed to remain free. Wheeler disappears. Dies in Java 1882. (Timothy Bottoms, Conspiracy of Silence, pp. 86, 87; Jonathan Richards, Chapter 8 ‘”Many were killed from falling over the cliffs”: The naming of Mount Wheeler, Central Queensland’, in Ian D Clark, Luise Hercus and Laura Kostansk eds, Indigenous and Minority Placenames: Australian and International Perspectives, ANU Press and Aboriginal History Inc., 2014, pp. 147–16.) In 2007 Darumbul people are awarded native title on Mt Wheeler. After Darumbal lobbying, name of Mt Wheeler is changed to Gai'i in 2018. On 21 April 2022 Queensland Government grants Darumbal people freehold title and control over a 13.5-hectare reserve where a massacre of 300 Aboriginal people took place at the foot of Gai'i.
1876		Creen Creek, QLD, Native Police detachments led by Armit and Poingdestre kill Aboriginal people.
1876		Kennedy River, QLD
1876		Yandina, QLD One Aboriginal woman wounded and possibly many others in a ‘dispersal’ of Aboriginal people camped near the Yandina (Maroochie) Hotel. Police were called in to break up an inter-tribal fight that the Low family believed might have escalated into an attack on their homestead. (Ray Kerkhove, Mapping Frontier War on the Sunshine Coast/Noosa Region, 2020, p. 28)
1876	March	Mistake Creek, near Clermont, QLD
c. 1876		Kangirr Creek, QLD
1877		Corella Downs and vicinity, NT, Aboriginal people killed in punitive expedition after murders of Fred Jeffries and his Aboriginal assistant.
1877		Townsville, QLD, an inquiry or inquest concludes in February 1877 that Constable MacNeill shot an Aboriginal man called Jackey.
1877		Valley of Springs Station near Cox River, NT, Aboriginal people killed after Bird murder.
1877	2 December	Coast Track (the Savannah Way), near Nicholson River, NT, William Batten murder
1877	Aft 2 December	Coast Track, near Nicholson River, NT, punitive expeditions after Batten killing
c. 1877		Western QLD, Skull Hole Massacre
1878		Douglas River, north-west of Pine Creek, NT
1878		Coast Track (the Savannah Way), near Limmen Bight River, NT
1878		Near Daly River, NT
1878		Murray Island, QLD
1878	February	Range west of Cairns, QLD
1878	February	Tuck-au-noo, far north QLD, Aboriginal people allegedly murder W Bird in retaliation for kidnapping three members of the local tribe.
1878	31 August	Smithfield near Cairns, QLD
1878	13 December	Near Limmen Bight River, NT, murder of William Travers
1878	Aft December	Coast Track near Limmen Bight River, NT, Aboriginal people killed in punitive expedition after Travers murder.
1878	August	Whitsunday Islands, QLD, Aboriginal attack on the schooner Louisa Maria and her crew. Native Police reprisals led by George Nowlan.
Late 1878		Cooktown district, far north QLD
1878?		Warroo Station, St George, QLD
c. 1878–1879		Skull Hole (Creek), or Bladensburg Massacre, western Queensland Example of sources: Dr Timothy Bottoms, ‘Skull Hole, Bladensburg Massacre, 1878–79’, ‘The Frontier Series’, Far North Queensland History Series: https://cairnshistory.com.au/content/uploads/2021/07/The-Frontier-Series-Skull-Hole-Bladensburg-1878-9-TFS005.jpg
1879		Cape Bedford, far North QLD
1879		Near Cooktown, QLD, Stanhope O'Connor's Native Police detachment involved in killing Aboriginal people.
1879		Glengyle, QLD
1879		Mossman River, QLD, George Nowlan's Native Police detachment involved in killing Aboriginal people.
1879		Ravine, QLD
1879		Woonomo Billabong, Suleiman Creek, north-west QLD
1879		Selwyn Range, QLD
1879	September	Mulgrave River, near Cairns, QLD
1879		Thursday Island, QLD
1879	c. December	Woonamo (Wonomo) Billabong (Waterhole), Suleiman Creek, north-west QLD Kalkadoon men kill four Russian cattlemen led by Bernard Molvo. A reprisal massacre involving the Native Police ensues. For more details see: Dr Timothy Bottoms, ‘Woonamo (Molvo) Killings and subsequent massacre 1879’, ‘The Frontier Series’, Far North Queensland History Series: https://cairnshistory.com.au/content/uploads/2021/07/The-Frontier-Series-Woonamo-Molvo-Killings-and-Massacre-1879-TFS006.jpg
1880		Horse (Horso) Creek, Kimberley region, WA The introduction of cattle and other European animals onto Aboriginal Country caused much damage to traditional sites and waterholes, also upsetting the ecological balance. As in other colonies, as Europeans expanded their pastoral and mining interests in Western Australia, traditional food and water resources were disturbed, if not destroyed. In attempts to protect their country, Aboriginal people often had to hunt cattle from their lands, also resorting to killing them for food when traditional game was scarce or disappeared. At Horso (Horse) Creek about 1880 Europeans shoot a group of Gija people for driving off bullocks. To hide the evidence of the murders, the Gija people's bodies are burnt. Later the mother of a boy, who escapes the killings, finds him hiding in the carcass of a bullock.
1880		Lake Cowal, The Bland, central-western NSW, local landholders massacre Aboriginal people. There was just one survivor, a baby, William Joseph Punch (1880–1917). He was rescued, only to give his life in World War I. Read William Punch’s story on Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Punch. The Australian War Memorial devotes a page to him: https://www.awm.gov.au/learn/schools/resources/anzac-diversity/aboriginal-anzacs/william-punch. The National Archives of Australia also records aspects of Punch’s life and war service: https://discoveringanzacs.naa.gov.au/browse/person/201425
1880		Normanton district, QLD An inquiry or inquest concludes in February 1880 that Constable Hedges shot Aboriginal Trooper Brandy.
1870s/80s		Mimosa Station, south-west of Temora, NSW, a hired hand shot and killed up to 1,000 Aboriginal people in this area. George Main in his book, Heartland: the regeneration of rural place, UNSW Press, p. 23 mentions Dame Mary Gilmore’s recollection as a child of hearing of a hired hand working on Mimosa Station who had tracked down and shot an Aboriginal man for taking a sheep. Gilmore also claimed that the hired hand had “slaughtered perhaps a thousand clanspeople”. Main’s source was Mary Gilmore’s poem, ‘The hunter of the black’ in The Passionate Heart and Other Poems, Angus & Robertson, 1969 [1948], pp. 66-8.
Early 1880s		Clohesy River, near Kuranda, QLD
Early 1880s		Moonjaree, QLD
1880	March	Cocanarup, Phillips River, WA For more information: https://theaustralianlegend.wordpress.com/2016/10/03/the-cocanarup-massacre/
1880	20 May	Coast Track (now called the Savannah Way), Limmen Bight River, NT, murder of John Barry
c. 1880		Butchers Creek area, QLD, according to Ngadjonji oral history, fighting erupts between colonists and Aboriginal people after Europeans interfere with Aboriginal women while their men are away from camp. Some colonists are speared, many Aboriginal people shot. More Aboriginal people shot in later incidents.
1880s		Near Booroloola, NT
1880s		Calvert Hills, NT
1880s		Koonchera Point, Birdsville, central-western QLD, Mindiri Massacre
1880s		Koonchera Sandhill (Dune), SA
1880s		Mt Drysdale, north of Cobar, NSW More information about killings at Mt Drysdale is available on sites such as: Mt Drysdale, New South Wales: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Drysdale,_New_South_Wales Bonzle, Mt Drysdale, New South Wales: http://www.bonzle.com/c/a?a=p&p=302038&d=notes&cmd=sp&c=1&x=145.8678&y=-31.1681&w=40000&mpsec=0 Erskine, J., E. Ohlsen, Brad Steadman, 1997, Mt. Drysdale: A Report on the Aboriginal Cultural Significance, prepared for the Western Zone of the NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service, Sydney: Cultural Heritage Services Division. “Special Places for Aboriginal communities–Aboriginal places which tell us stories”, Bush Matters, Summer, 2003, p. 8, https://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/resources/howyoucanhelp/BushMatters2Summer2003Pt2.pdf (Story about Aboriginal place declaration of Mt Drysdale under section 84 of the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1974) Jeremy Beckett, Tamsin Donaldson with Bradley Steadman and Steve Meredith, The Aboriginal World Around Mount Grenfell, 2003, p. 23. (Refers to accounts of killings at Mt Drysdale in 1884 and as late as 1934). Oz-Ark Environmental & Heritage Management, Draft Bourke Shire Aboriginal Heritage Study, January 2019, p. 42 (Refers to anthropologist Jo Erskine’s research with the Ngiyampaa people in the 1990s and to a massacre at Mt Drysdale mentioned in George Main’s book, Gunderbooka: A ’stone country’ story, Resource Policy and Management, Kingston ACT, 2000, pp. 28–29). Heritage NSW, Monday 14 February 2022, “Billagoe (Mount Drysdale) listed on State Heritage Register”: https://www.heritage.nsw.gov.au/celebrate/latest-announcements/new-listing-on-shr/ National Indigenous Times, 17 March 2022: “Decades-long campaign sees Billagoe added to NSW heritage list”: https://www.nit.com.au/decades-long-campaign-sees-billagoe-added-to-nsw-heritage-list/
1880s		Poeppels Corner, east Simpson Desert, QLD, Wardamba Massacre
1880s		Red Rock (Blood Rock), NSW (See also 1840s entries for Red Rock above).
1880s		Tinnenburra, QLD
1880s		Wollogorang (at the Pocket), NT
1880s		Wiryirbi, Clifton Hills, SA
c. 1880s		McPherson Creek (at Kawurrungkuma), NT
c. 1880s		Wearyan River, near Manangoora, NT
c. 1880s		Seven Emus Creek, near Manguwarruna, NT
c. 1880s		Calvert Downs (at Waningirrinyi Waterhole), NT
c. 1880s		Calvert Downs (at Mawurra Cave), NT
c. 1880s		Calvert Downs (at Gabugabuna), NT
Late 1880s		Near Cairns, QLD
1880s–90s		Florida Station, Arnhem Land, NT
1880s–90s		Hodgson Downs, NT
strong>c. 1880s–1900		Landers Shoot/Palmwoods, Blackall Ranges?, QLD Possible massacre of Aboriginal people between the 1880s and 1900, referred to as the ‘Dark Legacy’ tale. (Ray Kerkhove, Mapping Frontier War on the Sunshine Coast/Noosa Region, 2020, pp. 28–29)
1880s–c. 1926		‘The Killing Times’, Kimberleys, WA The Ruby Plains Massacre that took place during 'The Killing Times' was one example of how pastoralists dealt with Aboriginal resistance to European incursions. To record Aboriginal oral history of such events that most likely were not included in official European archives, Rover Thomas painted a series of 'killing times' paintings. Among this series were paintings of the massacre at Ruby Plains Station where Aboriginal people were shot for killing a bullock and later decapitated.
1881		Bibhoora near Mareeba, QLD
1881		Lizard Island, north of Cooktown, QLD, Mary Watson and baby disappear from a fishing station after Chinese manservants speared. Aboriginal people blamed for killings. Native Police Inspector Harvey Fitzgerald leads punitive killing raids on the coast north of Cooktown.
1881		Normanton, QLD, Aboriginal people kill sub-inspector Dyas.
1881		Victoria Downs, QLD An inquiry or inquest concludes in January 1881 that Constable Cameron shot an Aboriginal man named Jamie.
1881		Woolgar, QLD, Native Police officer Henry Kaye killed during an Aboriginal attack. Native Police reprisals follow under command of William Nichols.
1881	2 June	Rosie Creek, Coast Track (Savannah Way), NT, Patrick McNamara killed by Aborigines.
1881	September	Cocanarup, Phillips River, WA
1882		Cloncurry, QLD, Frederick Urquhart's Native Police kill Kalkadoon people.
1882		Elsey Station, near Elsey Creek, NT
1882		Elsey Station, NT
1882		Elsey Station, near Strangways River, NT
1882		Jinparrak (Old Wave Hill Station), NT, Aboriginal man shot in the back for trying to take a bucket and some billies.
1882		Leigh Creek, SA
1882		McKinlay Ranges near Cloncurry, QLD, Native Police cadet, Marcus La Poer Beresford, killed in Aboriginal attack.
1882		Ochre Trail on Beltana Station, Leigh Creek, SA
strong>1882		Taroom, QLD, an inquiry or inquest concludes in October 1882 that Constable Wright killed an Aboriginal man named Toby.
1882		Tudu (Warrior) Island, Torres Strait, QLD
1882	16 June	Elsey Station, NT, Aboriginal people murder Duncan Campbell
Late 1882		Margaret River, eastern edge of the Fitzroy Valley, WA
1882	November	Between Granite Creek (later Mareeba) and Cairns, QLD
c. 1882		Coast Track (the Savannah Way) at Calvert River, NT
1883		Coast Track (the Savannah Way) at Skeleton Creek, NT, Aboriginal people killed in a punitive expedition after a horse is speared.
1883		Cooloolah, Cloncurry district, QLD, Alfred Smart's Native Police detachment kills Kalkadoon people.
1883		Massacre Hill, NT
1883	23 July	Russell River near Cairns, QLD
1883	26 August	Near Russell River, north QLD
1883	September	Frasers Creek, NT, Aboriginal murder of John Fraser and Aboriginal assistant
1883/84		Warluck (Seale Gorge), NT, British pastoralists massacre Gurindji people.
1883–1910		Victoria River Downs, NT, massacres of Aboriginal people
1884		Battle Mountain (Mount Remarkable), near Mt Isa, QLD, Kalkadoon Wars
1884		Burrundie, NT, 200 km south of Darwin, NT, Woolwonga tragedy
1884		East of Angkwerl, NT, Blackfellows Bones Hill Massacre
1884		Grenada, QLD
1884		Irvinebank inland from Cairns, QLD, Nichols's and Garraway's Native Police detachment kill at least six Aboriginal people. Bodies burnt. Inquiries or inquests conclude in August and November 1884 that the Native Police shot Aboriginal people called Spooendyke, Toby, King Billy, Kitty and two unknown Aboriginal females. Nichols and troopers charged with murder; charges fail. Nichols dismissed.
1884		McKinlay River, NT
1884		Mistake Creek, Isaac region, QLD, Frederick Urquhart's Native Police detachment kills Aboriginal people.
1884		Mulgrave River, QLD
1884		Selwyn Range, QLD
1884		Skeleton Creek, NT
1884		Skeleton Creek, QLD
1884		Skull Pocket, QLD
1884		White Hills, QLD
1884	August	Angkwerl (Anna's Reservoir), Aileron Station, NT
1884	August	Russell River, near Cairns, QLD
1884	Aug–Dec	Mulgrave River, near Cairns, QLD
1884	September	Daly River, NT
1884	21 December	Mulgrave River, near Cairns, QLD
1884(5)?		Blackall, QLD Native Police under the command of Robert Kyle Little (?) shoot an unknown Aboriginal person. Inquiry or inquest concludes this in October 1884.
1884–1888		Daly River area, NT, 'Coppermine massacre' and other reprisals
1885		Alexandria Station, NT
1885		Alexandria Station (at Peaker Creek), NT
1885		Battle Creek, Victoria River Downs, NT
1885		Blackall, QLD, Robert Little's Native Police detachment kills Aboriginal people.
1885		Elsey Station, NT
1885		Elsey Station, near Chambers Creek, NT
1885		McArthur River, near Kilgour Gorge, NT
1885		Norman River, QLD, Lyndon Poingdestre's Native Police detachment kills Aboriginal people.
1886		Near Cairns, QLD
1886		Cockatoo Bora, QLD
1886		Dunganminnie Spring, NT
1886		Limmen Bight River Cave, NT
1886		McArthur River, NT
1886		McArthur River station, NT (various locations)
1886		Malakoff Creek, McArthur River Station, NT
1886		Rosewood Station, NT
1886	28 July	Between Vanderlin Island and McArthur River mouth, NT
1886	August	Yulbarra, Vanderlin Island, NT
1886	6 September	Near Cairns, QLD
1886	September	Gregory Creek, NT
1886	18 October	Broadmere outstation, NT, Aboriginal people kill Edward Lenehan
1886	17 November	Kimberleys, WA
c. 1886		Yulbarra Creek, Vanderlin Island, NT
1887		Amelia Spring, McArthur River station, NT
1887		Corella Downs station, NT
1887		Corella Downs station and surrounding area, NT
1887		Hall’s Creek, WA
1887		Kimberley, Normanton district, QLD, Daniel Lorigan's and Lyndon Poingdestre's Native Police detachments kill Aboriginal people. Inquiries or inquests conclude in October and November 1887 that the Native Police shot three unknown Aboriginal people.
1887		Valley of Springs station, near Cox River, NT
1888		Near Barron River, QLD, Native Police member John de Linden Affleck shoots Trooper Peter dead.
1888		Diamantina River district, south-west QLD
1888		Ingham, QLD, an inquiry or inquest concludes in January 1888 that Constable Cannon shot an Aboriginal man called Tommy.
1888		Kirrima, QLD
1888		Port Douglas, QLD (see also Barron River above) an inquiry or inquest concludes in September 1888 that Native Police member Affleck shot Trooper Peter.
1888		Queensland, an inquiry or inquest concludes in December 1888 that Ernest Henry T(?) Carr shot an Aboriginal male called Paddy.
1888	April	Near Calvert River, NT
1888	12 May	McArthur River, NT
1888	31 December	Corella Downs, NT
1880s	Late	Near Cairns, QLD
1888–89		Boar (Boar's) Pocket near Cairns, QLD
1889		Auvergne Station, NT
1889		Coen, QLD
1889		Jampawurru (Red Lily Spring or Mud Creek), NT
1889		Pine Tree Station, QLD
1889	c. January	Brunette Downs Station, NT
1889		Lawn Hill, north-western QLD, Alfred Wavell killed while attempting to arrest Aboriginal man, Joe Flick.
1889		Mein, north QLD, Frederick Urquhart's Native Police detachment kills Aboriginal people.
1889		Pine Tree Station, QLD
1889–90		Haddon Corner, SA
1890		Speewah, near Kuranda, far north QLD
1890		Coanjula Creek, near Upper Nicholson River, NT
1890	Bef 11 January	Cadalgo Station, near the Transcontinental Railway, 50 kms west of Haddon Corner, SA
1890		West Baines River, NT
1890s		East Baines River, NT
1890s?		Ganjarinjarri, upper Robinson River, NT
Mid-1890s		Speewah, near Kuranda, QLD
Mid-1890s		Spring Creek Valley between Cairns and Port Douglas, QLD
Mid–1890s?		Flaggy Creek, near Kuranda, QLD
Mid–1890s?		Mona Mona, near Kuranda, QLD
1890	July	Lower Barron River, QLD?
1890s?		Ganjarinjarri, upper Robinson River, NT
1890–1896		Western Australia, conflicts between pastoralists and Aboriginal people
1890–1920		Warmun (Turkey Creek) district, WA
1880s–c. 1926		‘The Killing Times’, Kimberleys, WA The Ruby Plains Massacre that took place during 'The Killing Times' was one example of how pastoralists dealt with Aboriginal resistance to European incursions. To record Aboriginal oral history of such events that most likely were not included in official European archives, Rover Thomas painted a series of 'killing times' paintings. Among this series were paintings of the massacre at Ruby Plains Station where Aboriginal people were shot for killing a bullock and later decapitated.
1891		Adavale, QLD, an inquiry or inquest concludes in November 1891 that Tracker Tommy killed an Aboriginal person called Delta.
1891		Spring Vale, QLD
1891	23 February	Tempe Downs Station, Finke River, NT
1891	May	near Albury, NSW, Dora Dora murder
1892		Auvergne Station, NT
1892		Coolgardie region, WA
1892		Corella Downs (at Corella Creek), NT
1892		Creswell Downs, NT
1892		Cresswell Downs, NT (at Puzzle Creek south), NT
1892		Mapoon, QLD, Native Police shoot Aboriginal people.
1892?		Cresswell Downs, NT (at Kiana rockhole), NT
1892	31 January	Cresswell Downs, NT (at Bowgan Waterhole outstation)
1892	August	Myola, near Kuranda, QLD
1892	October ff	Willeroo Station, NT
1893	September	Rosewood Station, NT
1894		Cliffdale Creek, south of Wollogorang, NT
1894	March	Mentana Station, Gulf of Carpentaria, QLD Cumjam arrested for the murder of a 60-year-old worker, Mr Ferguson, on Mentana Station held by Donald McIntyre. (See for example, the Norman Chronicle, The North Queensland Register and the Brisbane Courier between 1894–1895. Whether Cumjam was guilty or not is so far unknown as is the outcome of his arrest. Interestingly, a few months before Ferguson's death, some survivors from the steamship, Kanahooka, that capsized off the Mitchell River, were able their way to Mentana Station through Kokobera country, despite fears that they might meet with ‘hostility of the blacks’.
1894	June	Black Gin Creek, NT
1894	7 July	Kalgara (Mount Margaret) district, WA, P. Mack 'tomahawked'.
1894	30 July	Four miles south of Brickey's Soak, Kalgara (Mount Margaret) district, WA, 30 to 40 Aboriginal people, armed with spears and clubs, attack D'Arcy Uhr, Michael Galway and George Alexander at 3.00 pm in the afternoon. A nearby camp of six men assists Uhr's party to save their camp. An Aboriginal man kills one of the intruders on their Country, wounds another.
1894–1904		Bradshaw Station, NT
1896		Lakefield, QLD
1896		Ranges, located in the NT, west of Lawn Hill, QLD
1896–97		Cresswell Downs, NT
1896-97		Irringa on Cresswell Creek, NT
1896–97		Minyarrga on Cresswell Creek, NT
1896–97		Radjiji, upper Nicholson River, NT
1896–97		Woodawalla on Cresswell Creek, NT
1896	17 August	Deebing Creek, QLDStudents at the local Aboriginal mission school and their teacher allegedly shot.
1897		Jandamarra, Bonuba leader killed, WA
1897		Proserpine, QLD, an inquiry or inquest concludes in March 1897 that Constable Burke shot Aboriginal man, Charlie Morgan.
1897	January	Jasper Gorge, Victoria River, NT
1897		Wollogorang (at Baladuna Waterhole), NT
1898		Smithfield near Cairns, QLD, John Higgins's Native Police detachment kills Aboriginal people.
1898–1903		Barron River, Wooroora, and Mt Garnet, QLD, Heenan's Native Police detachment kills Aboriginal people.
1899		Wave Hill station, NT
Late 1800s		Skull Hole (now in Bladensburg National Park), QLD
c. 1900		Calvert River mouth, NT
1900	20 July	Breelong, near Gilgandra, NSW, Mawbey and Kerz murders
1900	23 July	Near Ulan, NSW, Alexander McKay murder
1900	24 July	Poggie, near Merriwa, NSW, O'Brien murders
1900	26 July	Near Wollar, NSW, Fitzpatrick murder
1900	31 October	North of Singleton, NSW, Joe Governor shot dead.
1900s		Emu Lagoon, north QLD
1900s		Macumba Station, SA
1900s		Mourne (Morn) Pool, near Mildura, VIC
1900s		Near Oodnadatta, SA
1901	14 January	Dubbo Gaol, NSW, Jacky Underwood hanged for his part in Mawbey and Kerz murders.
1901	18 January	Darlingust Gaol, Sydney, NSW, Jimmy Governor hanged for murders in 1900.
1902		Ducie River, Cape York Peninsula, QLD, John Hoole's Native Police detachment kills Aboriginal people.
1902		Near Mapoon, Cape York Peninsula, QLD
1903		Hodgson Downs (at Bailey Creek), NT
1904		Flick Yard, QLD
1904		Kirrima, QLD
1905		Victoria River, NT, Bradshaw massacre
1905		Near Wadeye (Port Keats), NT, massacre reprisal
c. 1906		Murbai, QLD
1906–07		Canning Stock Route, WA
1910	March	Victoria River Downs, NT
1910s		Emu Lagoon, QLD
c. 1910/11		Gaargarn (Gan Gan), inland from Blue Mud Bay, Yolgnu country, Arnhem Land, NT
1911–1918		Bentinck Island, QLD Roma Kelly tells the story of what happened on Bentinck Island in the 1900s to linguist Nicholas Evans in The McKenzie Massacre on Bentinck Island, published in 2015: ‘In 1911 a man named McKenzie obtained a government lease which, according to Queensland law, gave him titlehold over all of Sweers Island and a large portion of Bentinck Island. In the 1980s Roma Kelly told linguist Nicholas Evans about the brutal massacre led by McKenzie in 1918 at Rukuthi, for which he was never punished.’
Between 1913–1918		Pewuly (Bow Hills Police Station), NT, massacre of Gurindji people
Before 1914		‘Blackfellows' Bones’ near Mount Riddock, north of Alice Springs, NT, massacre of Aboriginal people. The incident, that took place before 1914, included the killing of Charles Perkins' mother's close relatives and her escape from the murderers. Source: Charles Perkins's autobiography, A Bastard Like Me, Ure Smith, Sydney, 1975, p. 19
1915		Mistake Creek, near Warmun (Turkey Creek), east Kimberley region, WA
1915–16		Elsey Station, NT
1916		Mowla Bluff Station, Geegully Creek, near Derby, Kimberleys, WA
1918		Auvergne Station, NT
1918		Bentinck Island, QLD
Bef 1920		Near Ngima (Neave River Junction), NT
1920s		Canning Stock Route, WA
1922	October	Sturt Creek, south-east Kimberleys, WA
1920s		Texas Downs Station, Kimberleys, WA
1921		Bedford Downs, WA
1924		Bedford Downs massacre, WA
c. 1924		Tartarr (Blackfellows Knob), NT, massacre
1926	23 May	Nulla Nulla Station boundary, 35 kms west of Wyndham, WA
1926	June	Forrest River, east Kimberleys, WA Fourteen people, including two police constables, kill many Aboriginal men, women and children in punitive raids. For more information: Neville Green, The Forrest River Massacres, Fremantle Arts Centre Press, 1995
1928	On or about 15 February	Wangkatjunka (Christmas Creek pastoral station), 120 kms east of Fitzroy Crossing, WA Wangkatjunka (Christmas Creek) Massacre, WA: Truth (Perth), Western Australia, Sunday 19 January 1930, pp. 1, 9. See also many other reports of this incident on the National Library of Australia's Trove. Station Manager, Albert Smith, denied allegations of his involvement in this killing of Aboriginal people. A jury found him not guilty after only 10 to 15 minutes' deliberation: "Derby News, March 28, Legal", Northern Times (Carnarvon, WA), Thursday 3 April 1930, p. 4 See also Jack Bohemia and William McGregor, "A massacre on Christmas Creek Station", Journal of Australian Studies, Vol. 16, 1992, Issue, 33, pp. 26–40.
1928	7 August?	Coniston Station, NT
1928	14 August–18 October	Coniston Station and vicinity, NT The ‘Coniston Massacre’ was not one incident, but a series of conflicts between colonists and Aboriginal people that took place over a wide area of Central Australia on and around Coniston Station and nearby stations in 1928. Among the known locations of killings that occurred are: Jarrarlyku (Curlew Waterhole), Kunajarrayi (Dingo Waterhole), Tomahawk Waterhole, Janangpa (Boomerang Waterhole), Warlawurrukurlangu, Warranyirrtipa, Patilirri (Tipinba), Kurlurlu, Circle Well, Thimplengkwe (Baxter's Well), Yungarnti, Warlukurlangu, Liirlpari (Whitestone), Kakutu (Cockatoo Creek), Ngarningiri, Yurrkuru (Brooks Soak), Mawu, and west of Yuendemu. (Individual entries where dates are known appear below). In his autobiography, A Bastard Like Me, Ure Smith, Sydney, 1975, pp. 19–20, Charles Perkins mentions the incident at Brooks Soak (Yurrkuru), about 370 kilometres north-west of Alice Springs.
1928	22 August	Kakutu (Cockatoo Creek), north-east of Yuendemu, NT
1928	23–30 August	West of Yuendemu, NT
1928	27 August	Janangpa (Boomerang Waterhole), Yarlalinji (Lander River), Broadmeadows Station, west of Barrow Creek, NT
1928	16 September	Napperby Station, NT
1928	24 September	Tomahawk Waterhole, Lander River; Dingo Hole, Hanson River, Broadmeadows Station, NT
1928	25 September	Circle Well, north-east of Tomahawk Waterhole, NT
1928	26 Sept ff	Tipinpa (Patirrlirr Creek), 24 kms west of Broadmeadows Station, NT
1928		Cockatoo Spring, NT
1928		Dingo Hole, Hanson River, NT
1928		Hanson River, NT
1928		Six Mile Soak, NT
1928		Wajinpulungk, NT
1929	November	Vicinity of Herbert Station, near Camooweal, QLD
1931	July	Near Wadeye (Port Keats), NT
1932	September	Caledon Bay, Arnhem Land, NT
1933	June	Woodah Island, NT
1933	November	Blue Mud Bay area, NT
1934		Tieyon (Tyonne) Station, SA
1934		Darwin, NT, Dhakiyarr Wirrpanda possibly murdered after release from gaol.
1934?		Mt Drysdale (Billagoe), north of Cobar, NSW (See 1880s entry for Mt Drysdale (Billagoe) above).
1937	7 April	McArthur River Gorge, NT
1937	19 May	Anningie Station, 50 kms north of Ti-Tree, NT
1940	August	Darwin Hospital, NT, Nemarluk dies
1940	c. 14 December	Mount Cavenagh Station, south of Kulgera, NT
1941	January	Mount Cavenagh Station, south of Kulgera, NT, Lullilicki killed by station overseer, Herbert Kitto.
1981	March	Alice Springs, NT Historian Dr Robyn Smyth from the University of Newcastle, New South Wales, during her research for the university's frontier massacres map project in 2022, found an unsolved crime–an attempt at a mass poisoning. Two Aboriginal people, a man and a woman, died and 14 others were admitted to hospital in Alice Springs after unwittingly sharing a poisoned bottle of sherry left deliberately in the grounds of the John Flynn memorial church.
Dates Unknown
1790s/1800s?		Gadigal/Hunter River nations site, Randwick, Sydney, NSW: possible resistance site
		Allandale, north QLD
		Baryula (on Chastletown Station), south-western QLD
		Badtjala Country, QLD The story of this massacre is represented by Fiona Foley in her installation, Annihilation of the Blacks, 1986, National Gallery of Australia: More information at: https://www.artmuseum.qut.edu.au/audio-pages/the-annihilation-of-the-blacks
		Bauhinia Downs, NT
		Blakney Creek, NSW, rises west by south of Dalton, flows north-east to Lachlan River. Aboriginal oral history of a massacre on this creek.
		Blencoe Falls, north QLD
		Blunder Creek, north QLD
		Bone's Knob, north QLD
		Bulloo Downs, south-west QLD
		Cattle Creek, north-west QLD
		Chastletown Station, south-west QLD
		Cheviot Range, central QLD
		Cooningheera Waterhole, NT
		Cuppa Waterhole, NT
		Currawillinghi, south central QLD
		Dangeri Waterhole, NT
		Donor's Hill Cave Massacre, NT
		Evelyn Massacre, north QLD
		Flaggy Creek, north QLD
		Gilpeppee, western QLD
		Granada, NT
		Gray Rock, north QLD
		Hodgson Downs (at Angus Spring), NT
		Hodgson Downs (at Buffalo Hole), NT
		Hodgson Downs (at Indi Indi Spring), NT
		Hodgson Downs (at Mason Gorge), NT
		Hodgson Downs (at Sandy Lagoon), NT
		Horse Springs, NT (Gurinji Country)*
		Isis Downs, north QLD
		Janpa, NT (Gurindji Country)*
		Jirin, north QLD
		Jikirrijja (Campbell Springs), NT (Gurindji Country)*
		Jurlakkala (Nero Yard), NT (Gurindji Country)*
		Jutamiliny (Swan Yard), NT (Gurindji Country)*
		Kalidawarra Waterhole, NT
		Kiacatoo Station, central-western NSW, the Kiacatoo massacre is immortalised in Kevin Gilbert's poem “Kiacatoo”, published in Inside Black Australia: An Anthology of Aboriginal Poetry, Penguin Books, 1988, pp. 189–90
		Kulpie Waterhole, western QLD
		Kumanturru (Coomanderoo), NT (Gurindji Country)*
		Kurturtu, NT (Gurindji Country)*
		Lake Cowal, The Bland, central-western NSW. More than one massacre took place near Lake Cowal. Apart from the one that occurred in 1880, dates of the others are unknown.
		Longton, north QLD
		Malapa (Old Limbunya Homestead), NT (Gurindji Country)*
		Massacre Inlet, Gulf Country, NT
		Massacre Waterfall, Gulf Country, NT
		Monkira, NT
		Morney Plains, western QLD
		Mt Farquharson, north QLD
		Ngangi, NT (Gurindji Country)*
		Ngurriya (Midnight), NT (Gurindji Country)*
		Nocaboorara, south-west QLD
		Pandie Pandie, SA, south of the NT border
		Piyirriri (Farquharson Gap), NT (Gurindji Country)*
		Red Bend, near Forbes, NSW
		Rifle Creek, north QLD
		Seale Yard, NT (Gurindji Country)*
		Skull Lagoon, north QLD
		Spring Creek, Mowbray Valley, north QLD
		Springfield, central QLD
		Springfield, north QLD
		Spring Hill Station, near Wedderburn, VIC
		Tanbar, south-west QLD
		The Dip, north QLD
		Thunderpurty Waterhole, NT
		Tinderrys, Southern Tablelands, NSW
		Vine Creek, north QLD
		Wambiana, north QLD
		Waniyi (near Number 2 Bore), NT (Gurindji Country)*
		Wattamondara, near Koorawatha, NSW, Aboriginal people killed then thrown down a well, according to oral history.
		Wirrilu (Blackfella Creek), NT (Gurindji Country)*
		Wulupu (Hooker Creek), NT (Gurindji Country)*
		Yurruj (Burtawurta), NT (Gurindji Country)*

Compiled by Jane Morrison 2012–2023, Updated 5 October, 6, 7, 8 November 2022, 31 May 2023, 11 July 2023, 1, 5, 6 February 2024.